新华社莫斯科8月27日电 专访：中国为世界反法西斯战争胜利作出杰出贡献——访俄罗斯科学院东方 学研究所现代中国研究中心主任维诺格拉多夫 新华社记者黄河 今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年，俄罗斯科学院东方学研究所现代中国研究中 心主任安德烈·维诺格拉多夫日前接受新华社记者专访时说，中国为世界反法西斯战争胜利作出杰出贡 献。 维诺格拉多夫说，第二次世界大战给人类带来巨大创伤，他对中国人民在抗日战争中承受的苦难感同身 受。在苏联伟大卫国战争中，几乎每个俄罗斯家庭都有人参战。"我的祖父和外祖父当时都在军队服 役，家族中当时的男性成员也基本都参加了战争，我祖母的父亲及他的两位兄弟都在战争中英勇牺 牲。" 作为历史学家，维诺格拉多夫对抗日战争时期的中国历史、中共党史、中苏人民并肩作战等有广泛研 究。在他看来，日本侵华开始后，中国共产党号召抗日并开始团结全国所有爱国力量共同抗日，这极大 影响了中国社会舆论，凝聚了中国社会共识，推动了抗日民族统一战线的建立。 "抗日民族统一战线凝聚了当时中国所有爱国力量，反映了中国人民维护国家主权、独立、民族和文化 存续的深切愿望和朴素情感。"维诺格拉多夫说。 过去40多 ...

Core Viewpoint - The news highlights the historical significance of the Xi'an Incident and its role in uniting various factions in China against Japanese aggression, marking a pivotal moment in the establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front [3][6]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Xi'an Incident occurred on December 12, 1936, when Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng detained Chiang Kai-shek to advocate for a united front against Japan, breaking the political deadlock of the time [3]. - The incident was a response to the dire situation in China following the "September 18 Incident" in 1931, which saw widespread suffering and devastation due to Japanese invasions [2][3]. Group 2: Key Figures and Events - The peace negotiations following the Xi'an Incident involved significant figures such as Zhou Enlai, Zhang Xueliang, and Yang Hucheng, who worked towards a peaceful resolution and the formation of a united front against Japan [3][6]. - The historical meeting in the guest hall of the Xi'an Incident Memorial witnessed the discussions that led to the initial formation of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, showcasing the political wisdom of the Communist Party [3][6]. Group 3: Development of the United Front - The concept of a united front against Japanese aggression had been developing prior to the Xi'an Incident, with early efforts dating back to 1923 and significant agreements like the "Hanzhong Secret Agreement" in 1933 [4][5]. - The "August 1 Declaration" in 1935 called for all parties to cease internal conflicts and unite against Japan, laying the groundwork for the united front strategy [5]. Group 4: Impact and Legacy - The peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident marked a turning point in Chinese history, transitioning from internal conflict to a unified resistance against external threats, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front [6][7]. - The mobilization of various societal sectors, including workers, farmers, students, and overseas Chinese, demonstrated the collective strength and determination of the Chinese people in the face of adversity [6][7].

Core Viewpoint - This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War, with significant contributions from China highlighted by Andrei Vinogradov, Director of the Modern China Research Center at the Russian Academy of Sciences [1][2] Group 1 - China was the country that participated in the anti-fascist alliance for the longest duration, resisting Japanese militarism for 14 years starting from 1931, which played a crucial role in the overall victory of the anti-fascist war [1] - Vinogradov empathizes with the suffering endured by the Chinese people during the Anti-Japanese War, drawing parallels with the experiences of Russian families during the Great Patriotic War [1] - The establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front was significantly influenced by the Chinese Communist Party's call for unity among all patriotic forces, which helped to consolidate public opinion and social consensus in China [1] Group 2 - The Anti-Japanese National United Front reflected the deep desire and simple emotions of the Chinese people to maintain national sovereignty, independence, and cultural survival [2] - Vinogradov emphasizes the importance of remembering history to create a better future, warning against forgetting historical lessons [2] - In the context of the complex international situation, he advocates for Russia, China, and other WWII victors to remember the sacrifices of their predecessors and jointly defend the achievements of victory [2]

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "The Pillar of Strength - Archives of the Chinese Communist Party during the Anti-Japanese War" highlights the pivotal role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in leading the Chinese people to victory during the Anti-Japanese War, marking the 80th anniversary of this victory [3][4]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition, co-hosted by the National Archives and the CCP History Exhibition Hall, features over 340 valuable historical documents across eight units [3]. - It aims to showcase the CCP's leadership and contributions during the 14 years of the Anti-Japanese War, emphasizing its role as the backbone of national resistance [3][4]. Group 2: Key Insights from the Exhibition - The CCP is recognized as the core force in the struggle for national independence and liberation, serving as the vanguard in the fight against Japanese aggression [4][5]. - The exhibition includes early CCP documents condemning Japanese imperialism and advocating for resistance, highlighting the party's proactive stance against invasion [5][6]. - The CCP's efforts in establishing and maintaining the Anti-Japanese National United Front are documented, showcasing its role as a promoter and organizer of this coalition [6][7]. Group 3: Military Strategies and Contributions - The exhibition details the CCP's formulation and implementation of a comprehensive war strategy, including significant battles like the Hundred Regiments Offensive, which exemplified the party's military leadership [7][8]. - The CCP-led forces conducted over 125,000 operations against Japanese and puppet troops, resulting in the elimination of approximately 1.714 million enemy soldiers [8]. Group 4: Global Contributions - The CCP's contributions to the global anti-fascist struggle are highlighted, including its call for military alliances with other nations and its support for Allied forces during World War II [8][9]. - The exhibition features documents related to the CCP's involvement in the founding of the United Nations, marking its emergence on the international political stage [10]. Group 5: Party Building and Political Guarantees - The exhibition emphasizes the importance of the CCP's internal construction, showcasing documents that reflect its organizational and ideological development during the war [11][12]. - Key historical documents illustrate the party's commitment to discipline and unity, which were crucial for maintaining a cohesive front during the conflict [12][13]. Group 6: Historical Legacy and Future Direction - The exhibition concludes with reflections on the CCP's historical role in saving the nation and its ongoing leadership in achieving national rejuvenation [13][16]. - It underscores the importance of learning from history to inspire future generations in their pursuit of national goals [15][16].

Group 1 - The article highlights the historical significance of the Fangjia Bridge meeting in 1939, which marked the beginning of cooperative anti-Japanese efforts in the Taicang region under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party [2] - The meeting brought together representatives from the Jiangnan Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, local Communist organizations, and Nationalist forces, fostering a united front against Japanese aggression [2] - The subsequent establishment of the first Communist Party branch in Taicang during the anti-Japanese struggle illustrates the successful groundwork laid by this meeting for future organizational efforts [2] Group 2 - The article describes the first counter-offensive against the "cleansing" campaign initiated by Japanese forces in July 1941, marking a significant moment in the resistance efforts in the Suzhou region [3] - Despite facing overwhelming enemy forces, the New Fourth Army's actions served to disrupt Japanese plans and uplift the morale of the local population, reinforcing the belief that "China will not perish" [3] - The battle, although not a direct victory, symbolized the resilience and determination of the local resistance against Japanese occupation [3] Group 3 - The legacy of the Fangjia Bridge meeting and the subsequent resistance efforts has become an integral part of Taicang's cultural identity, emphasizing the importance of unity and struggle in the face of adversity [4] - The historical events are now commemorated through the establishment of a village history museum, integrating red tourism and local industry to educate future generations about the sacrifices made during the anti-Japanese war [4] - The spirit of cooperation and grassroots organization demonstrated during these events continues to inspire current efforts in community building and political engagement in Taicang [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the pivotal role of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in leading the nation through the Anti-Japanese War, highlighting its historical significance and the enduring spirit of patriotism and unity among the Chinese people [1][2][10]. Group 1: Historical Context - The CPC was the first to raise the banner of armed resistance against Japanese imperialism following the September 18 Incident in 1931, marking a significant moment in Chinese history [2]. - The establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front was a strategic move by the CPC to unite the nation against foreign aggression, showcasing its leadership during a critical period [2][3]. Group 2: The Role of the People - The article underscores the importance of the people's involvement in the war effort, illustrating how the CPC mobilized the masses to create a powerful national resistance against Japanese forces [10][11]. - Numerous examples of individual sacrifices and contributions from ordinary citizens are highlighted, demonstrating the collective spirit that characterized the Anti-Japanese War [10][12]. Group 3: Theoretical Foundations - The CPC's adherence to Marxism and its adaptation to Chinese conditions are presented as fundamental reasons for its effectiveness in leading the resistance [2][4]. - The article discusses the significance of Mao Zedong's writings, particularly "On Protracted War," which provided a strategic framework for the Chinese resistance [3][4]. Group 4: Legacy and Modern Implications - The CPC's historical experiences during the Anti-Japanese War are framed as lessons for contemporary governance and national development, emphasizing the need for self-revolution and continuous improvement [19][20]. - The article concludes with a call for unity and perseverance in the face of modern challenges, drawing parallels between past struggles and current efforts towards national rejuvenation [21][22].

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, highlighting China's significant contributions and sacrifices during this period, including 35 million casualties [1][18]. Historical Context - The article discusses the historical significance of the September 18 Incident (Jiuyiba Shibian) in 1931, which marked the beginning of China's 14-year resistance against Japanese aggression and the broader World Anti-Fascist War [1][3][4]. - The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) issued the "9·19 Declaration" the day after the incident, which was the first declaration of resistance against fascism by an invaded nation [1][4]. CCP's Role - The CCP emerged as a key player in mobilizing resistance against Japanese imperialism, issuing a series of declarations calling for armed resistance and uniting various anti-Japanese forces [5][7]. - The CCP's actions contrasted sharply with the Nationalist government's policy of non-resistance, which allowed for the rapid expansion of Japanese control over Northeast China [7][9]. Military Engagement - The Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, formed under the CCP's leadership, engaged in guerrilla warfare against Japanese forces, demonstrating resilience despite severe hardships [9][16]. - The article notes that from 1931 to 1936, the Nationalist government allocated significantly more resources to suppressing the CCP than to defending against Japan, highlighting the CCP's commitment to national unity and resistance [9][18]. Contribution to the War Effort - China's prolonged engagement in the war significantly impacted the overall strategy against fascism, tying down over 50% of Japanese military forces and delaying their plans [16][18]. - The article emphasizes that China's sacrifices during the war, including direct economic losses exceeding $1 trillion (adjusted for 1937 values), were greater than those of many European nations involved in the conflict [18].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the pivotal role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in leading the Chinese people to victory during the Anti-Japanese War, highlighting its historical significance and the necessity of its leadership for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation [1][19][20]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Anti-Japanese War is described as the longest and largest national liberation struggle in modern Chinese history, marking the first complete victory against foreign invasion [1]. - The CCP emerged as a key player during this period, taking on the responsibility of leading the nation in its fight against Japanese imperialism [3][19]. Group 2: Leadership and Strategy - The CCP's establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front was crucial in uniting the Chinese people against a common enemy, demonstrating its ability to rally support during times of crisis [4][5]. - The party's strategic decisions, such as advocating for prolonged warfare and mobilizing the masses, were instrumental in achieving victory [6][7]. Group 3: Contributions and Achievements - The CCP-led forces significantly weakened Japanese military presence, contributing to the overall success of the war effort [7]. - The article notes that the CCP's leadership was characterized by a commitment to the people's welfare and a focus on collective action, which helped to solidify its position as the backbone of the national resistance [9][10]. Group 4: Modern Implications - The historical lessons from the Anti-Japanese War underscore the importance of maintaining the CCP's leadership in contemporary China, as it is viewed as essential for achieving national rejuvenation [19][20]. - The article concludes with a call for unity under the CCP's leadership to continue the journey towards a prosperous future for the nation [20].

豫西抗日根据地纪念馆内展示的印刷版"布告"。 受访者供图 更是为贫苦农民撑起了腰杆。 走进位于巩义市新中镇的豫西抗日根据地纪念馆，二楼展厅一侧悬挂着的一张泛黄的"布告"，无声诉说着中 国共产党人如何以土地政策守护群众、凝聚力量的抗战往事。 "这张布告，是中国共产党在豫西大地上为挣扎在生死线上的百姓撑起的腰杆，更是中国共产党坚守为民初心 的见证。"8月22日，巩义市委党史和地方史志研究室一级主任科员何永红指着这份1944年由嵩山区专员公署 颁布的《土地转移办法》，道出一段尘封80余年的故事。 时光倒流至1942年，彼时的河南赤地千里，人民久受战乱、灾荒之苦。地处豫西的巩县同样深陷灾难之中， 苦难的农民为一口活命粮，只得贱卖田产房屋。其中，涉村农民丁华龙用五亩地仅换得一斗玉米。 1943年，国民党巩县政府为了体现"仁政"，作出了允许贫苦农民原价买赎灾荒时期典售的田产房屋的规定。 但由于没有具体保障措施，更重要的是触动了地主阶级的根本利益，遭到地主富人的抵制，这一规定成了一 纸空文。 转折出现在1944年秋。八路军豫西抗日独立支队挺进豫西，开辟敌后抗日根据地，在巩县建立了嵩山区专员 公署，统管嵩山地区的行政工作，并 ...

Core Viewpoint - The victory of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War is a significant turning point in the history of the Chinese nation, marking the first complete victory against foreign invasion since modern times, with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) playing a crucial role as the backbone of this victory [1]. Political Leadership - The CCP was the initiator of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, advocating for unity among various political parties to resist Japanese aggression [2]. - The CCP actively promoted the establishment of the united front, calling for cooperation between the CCP and the Kuomintang (KMT) to combat Japanese invaders [3]. - The CCP maintained its leadership role in the united front despite challenges, emphasizing the importance of unity and resistance against compromise and division [4]. Social Mobilization - The Anti-Japanese National United Front included not only the CCP and KMT but also the broader populace, showcasing widespread social mobilization and national awakening [5]. - The CCP's strategy involved comprehensive national military mobilization and grassroots engagement to strengthen the resistance against Japan [6]. Strategic Guidance - The CCP provided critical strategic guidance during the war, adapting military strategies to the changing dynamics of the conflict, including a shift from conventional warfare to guerrilla tactics [7][8]. - Mao Zedong's writings, particularly "On Protracted War," outlined the phases of the war and helped to clarify the path to victory, boosting national morale [8]. Party Building - The CCP's ability to serve as the backbone of the resistance was significantly attributed to its organizational maturity and political leadership during the war [10]. - The party focused on ideological, organizational, and conduct improvements, which solidified its leadership and effectiveness in mobilizing the masses [11][12][13]. Great Anti-Japanese Spirit - The CCP fostered a spirit of patriotism and resilience among the Chinese people, which was crucial for sustaining the war effort and achieving victory [14]. - The historical experience gained during the Anti-Japanese War continues to serve as a guiding principle for the CCP in contemporary challenges [15].