当时，日本驻守菲律宾的最高长官为日本第14方面军司令官山下奉文。在美军的猛攻之下，山下奉文见大势已去，下令将马尼拉设为"不 设防城市"，并下令驻马尼拉日军撤退。然而，以海军少将岩渊三次为首的海军陆战队及部分陆军士兵拒绝遵守命令，总共1万多名日军留 在马尼拉负隅顽抗。 1945年2月，美军包围马尼拉，2月3日，马尼拉战役爆发，留守日军在绝望中变得疯狂，将战争挫败带来的怒气发泄在平民身上，进行疯 狂屠杀，连许多当地的欧洲人也未能幸免。日军将菲律宾民众集中到计划焚烧的房屋里，用机枪手榴弹屠杀后纵火毁尸灭迹，曾一次性屠 杀菲律宾儿童近千人。 1945年2月4日至10日，日军在巴石河沿岸大规模烧杀抢掠，躲在教堂图书馆的千余名难民被日军残忍烧死。据菲律宾历史学家贝尼托·莱加 尔达记载，在那场灾难中，"妇女遭到强奸，被刺刀从腹股沟割至喉咙，然后被遗弃在烈日下流血到死……儿童被抓住双腿，头部被猛击 向墙壁。婴儿被抛向空中，用刺刀刺穿……孕妇腹中的胎儿被刺刀挖出"。还有记载显示，日军进入当地一户人家，将一些人蒙住眼睛带 到楼上，强迫他们跪下，再砍下他们的头颅。日军还占领教堂作为堡垒，以人群中混入美军间谍为借口，将教堂中的神父与 ...

Group 1 - The event held in Tbilisi was a film screening and exhibition commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War [1] - The Chinese Ambassador to Georgia emphasized the importance of remembering history and cherishing peace through the screening of the film "The Hundred Regiments Offensive" [1] - The director of the China-Southeast Asia Research Center highlighted the significant sacrifices made by the Georgian people alongside the Chinese during the World Anti-Fascist War, aiming to provide a more objective view of China's contributions to this global struggle [1] Group 2 - Approximately 60 attendees, including representatives from Georgian universities, think tanks, media, and the Chinese community, participated in the event [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant role of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japan in the global anti-fascist war, emphasizing its early start, prolonged duration, and the immense sacrifices made by the Chinese people, which contributed to the victory in the anti-fascist struggle [2] Summary by Relevant Sections - The Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japan began the earliest and lasted the longest among the global anti-fascist efforts, marking it as a crucial component of the overall victory [2] - The surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945, and the subsequent signing ceremony in Nanjing on September 9, 1945, are pivotal historical events that underscore China's contributions to the anti-fascist war [2] - The narrative also symbolizes Taiwan's return to China, likening it to a long-separated child eagerly returning to its mother, reflecting the emotional and historical significance of Taiwan's liberation [2]

Core Viewpoint - The international academic seminar "China's Anti-Japanese War from a Global Perspective" aims to reassess the historical significance and contemporary value of China's resistance against Japanese aggression, emphasizing the importance of historical reflection for future unity efforts [1][2]. Group 1: Seminar Overview - The seminar, hosted by Peking University, features nearly a hundred experts and scholars from various regions, including Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan [1]. - It includes 20 group meetings and one roundtable forum, focusing on the global perspective of China's anti-Japanese war and Taiwan's recovery [1][2]. Group 2: Historical Significance - The Chinese anti-Japanese war is recognized as the earliest and longest-running resistance in the global anti-fascist war, significantly altering the social landscape of China [2]. - The historical narrative of the anti-Japanese war has often been overlooked in international academia, highlighting the need for enhanced historical material sharing and collaboration between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait [2]. Group 3: Contributions and Future Directions - Peking University aims to support research in this field, enhance historical material organization and digitization, and promote international academic exchanges to contribute to building a community with a shared future for humanity [1]. - Experts will discuss various topics, including the global context of the Pacific War's outbreak in December 1941 and the significance of wartime international cooperation [2].

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "烽火侨批——从战火中的侨批看华侨赤子心、家国情" showcases the letters (侨批) sent by overseas Chinese during the Anti-Japanese War, highlighting their deep emotional connection to their homeland and their contributions to the war effort [2][5][11]. Summary by Sections Historical Context - The letters, known as 侨批, served as both remittances and personal correspondence from overseas Chinese to their families back home during the turbulent times of the Anti-Japanese War [2][5]. - The exhibition commemorates the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War [2]. Exhibition Details - The exhibition features over 100 precious letters, historical photographs, and multimedia installations, providing a vivid portrayal of the emotional and historical significance of these communications [2][5]. - It is divided into four chapters: "山河破碎 觉醒之声," "血色家书 苦难见证," "国民职责 毁家纾难," and "抗战到底 必胜信念," which collectively narrate the 14-year history from the September 18 Incident to the victory in the war [5][6]. Emotional Resonance - The letters reflect the sentiments of overseas Chinese, expressing their anger and sorrow over the war's impact on their homeland, as well as their determination to support the war effort through donations and other means [4][6]. - A notable example includes a letter from the 谭氏 family, which details their fundraising efforts to support their homeland during the war [4][5]. Contributions of Overseas Chinese - The exhibition highlights the significant financial contributions made by overseas Chinese, such as the $1.4 million raised by the New York Chinese Anti-Japanese Relief Association to support the war [6][9]. - Many letters document the personal sacrifices and actions taken by overseas Chinese, including joining military efforts and providing financial support to their families and communities back home [6][9]. Cultural Significance - The exhibition emphasizes the historical value of these letters as primary sources that capture the sentiments and experiences of overseas Chinese during a critical period in history [7][8]. - It aims to educate the public about the contributions of overseas Chinese to the war and the broader context of the Chinese people's struggle against fascism [11]. Future Engagement - The exhibition is currently open to the public and will tour various cities, continuing to raise awareness about the historical significance of these letters and the contributions of overseas Chinese [11].

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition at the Polish WWII Museum highlights the significance of the Japanese "shin-guntō" sword as a symbol of the atrocities committed during the Second Sino-Japanese War, particularly during the Nanjing Massacre, emphasizing the interconnectedness of global conflicts and the importance of remembering history [1][2][3] Group 1: Historical Context - The "shin-guntō" sword was mass-produced by the Japanese military after 1935 and became a weapon of mass murder during the invasion of China, particularly noted for its role in the Nanjing Massacre where the death toll is estimated between 300,000 and 400,000 [1] - The exhibition aims to place the Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression within the broader narrative of global anti-fascist efforts, illustrating that the war was not isolated to Europe but was a worldwide catastrophe [2] Group 2: Educational Purpose - The museum's narrative seeks to remind European audiences, particularly Poles, of the historical context of suffering in Asia prior to the Nazi invasion, thereby fostering a deeper understanding of the shared human cost of war [2] - By showcasing the "shin-guntō," the museum encourages visitors to reflect on the universal devastation caused by war and the collective responsibility to oppose it, linking the tragedies of Nanjing and Poland [2][3] Group 3: Remembrance and Responsibility - The exhibition serves as a poignant reminder of the countless ordinary lives lost due to war, emphasizing the necessity of remembering their suffering and sacrifices [3] - It positions the history of the Chinese resistance against Japan within an international framework, reinforcing the idea that the fight against fascism is a shared historical memory that transcends geographical boundaries [3]

Core Points - The event commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War was held in Victoria, Seychelles, attended by around 30 representatives from various Chinese community organizations and Chinese institutions [1] - Chinese Ambassador to Seychelles, Lin Nan, highlighted China's significant contributions to the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War and emphasized that Taiwan's return to China is an essential part of the outcomes of World War II and the post-war international order [2] - Attendees expressed high regard for the global impact of China's anti-Japanese war efforts and committed to drawing strength from this great victory to further promote Sino-Seychellois friendship and national reunification [5]

Core Points - The 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War was commemorated in Beijing, with representatives from 14 countries attending, highlighting international contributions to China's victory [2] - The presence of international friends and their descendants, such as Nuriqin Mamatov, emphasizes the shared history and camaraderie among nations during the anti-fascist struggle [2] - Mamatov expressed pride in his uncle's contributions and the honor of receiving an invitation from China, reflecting the deep historical ties between Uzbekistan and China [2] Group 1 - The event showcased China's military modernization and sincere commitment to peace, as noted by Mamatov during the military parade [2] - Mamatov's previous experiences in China left a lasting impression, indicating the positive perception of Chinese culture and hospitality [3] - He pledged to continue contributing to the friendship and cooperation between Uzbekistan and China [3]

Core Points - The exhibition titled "For National Liberation and World Peace" opened in Moscow, showcasing the 14-year struggle of the Chinese people against Japanese invaders, highlighting the role of the Chinese Communist Party and the contributions of China as the main battlefield in the Eastern Front of the World Anti-Fascist War [1][2] - The exhibition features approximately 100 historical photographs and 20 artifact photographs, emphasizing the deep friendship and mutual support between the Chinese and Russian peoples during the war [1][2] Summary by Sections - **Exhibition Overview** - The exhibition is a collaboration between the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War Memorial Museum and the Russian Victory Museum, displaying significant historical materials related to the anti-Japanese war [1] - It is part of the "China-Russia Cultural Year" initiative, aiming to strengthen cultural ties between the two nations [1] - **Historical Significance** - The exhibition commemorates the 80th anniversary of the victory over Japanese militarism, marking a pivotal moment in the history of the Chinese nation and global development [1] - It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by both the Soviet Union and China during the World Anti-Fascist War, reinforcing the foundation of current Sino-Russian relations [1] - **Cultural Impact** - The exhibition aims to educate the Russian public about the courageous resistance of the Chinese people and the enduring friendship forged through shared struggles [2] - The opening ceremony included a screening of the Chinese film "Nanjing Nanjing," further promoting cultural exchange [2]

Core Points - The article commemorates the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, highlighting the resilience and sacrifices of the Chinese people during this period [3][54]. - It emphasizes the importance of remembering history to honor those who fought for freedom and peace, and to ensure that such atrocities are not repeated [9][56]. Group 1 - The article discusses the historical context of the September 18 Incident, which marked the beginning of Japanese aggression in China, leading to 14 years of bloody resistance [1][3]. - It features personal stories of survivors, such as Xia Shuqin, who fought for justice regarding the Nanjing Massacre, and her legal battles against Japanese right-wing deniers [7][9]. - The narrative includes accounts of other survivors like Bai Lishi, who endured the horrors of concentration camps and later became a peace advocate [16][20]. Group 2 - The article highlights the contributions of individuals like Mei Ruyao, the only Chinese judge at the Tokyo Trials, who fought for national dignity and justice after Japan's unconditional surrender [22][26]. - It recounts the sacrifices of the "Nanjiao Machine Workers," who played a crucial role in supporting the war effort, with over one-third of them losing their lives [28][31]. - The stories of various soldiers and civilians illustrate the collective struggle and determination of the Chinese people during the war, emphasizing the need to cherish peace and remember the past [40][52].