Core Points - The article emphasizes that breast nodules are not diseases but rather a description of a condition, with most nodules being benign and malignant cases being rare [3][4]. Group 1: Understanding Breast Nodules - Breast nodules are a common concern, often discovered during self-examinations or medical check-ups, and they can appear as single or multiple lumps in one or both breasts [5][6]. - Symptoms associated with breast nodules may include localized pain, nipple discharge, skin changes, and swelling of nearby lymph nodes [6][8]. Group 2: Risk Factors - Genetic factors, such as a family history of breast cancer or carrying BRCA1/2 genes, increase the risk of developing breast nodules [11]. - Reproductive and hormonal history, including early menstruation, late menopause, and lack of childbirth, are also significant risk factors [12]. - Lifestyle choices, such as high sugar and fat diets, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise, contribute to the risk [14]. - Emotional stress and poor sleep patterns can lead to hormonal imbalances, increasing the likelihood of nodules [15][36]. Group 3: Self-Examination and Screening - Self-examination techniques are recommended, including visual inspection and tactile checks for lumps [16][19]. - Various screening methods, such as ultrasound and mammography, are essential for early detection of breast cancer and assessing nodules [24][25]. - BI-RADS classification is used to evaluate the risk of malignancy in detected nodules, with categories ranging from benign to highly suspicious [29][30]. Group 4: Management and Prevention - Regular check-ups and self-examinations are crucial for early detection and management of breast nodules [41]. - Maintaining a balanced diet, managing stress, and ensuring adequate sleep can help reduce the risk of developing nodules [37][40].

Core Viewpoint - Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women globally, with an increasing incidence rate, approximately 2.3 million new cases reported annually according to the World Health Organization [1] Group 1: Incidence and Demographics - The incidence of breast cancer is rising both globally and in China, with a notable increase in younger patients [3] - Breast cancer typically occurs more frequently in women around the ages of 55 to 60, with a secondary peak in women around 40 years old [3] - Younger breast cancer patients tend to experience faster disease progression and a higher likelihood of lymph node metastasis [3] Group 2: Symptoms and Self-Examination - The primary symptom of breast cancer is a breast lump, with about 80% of patients presenting with this symptom at diagnosis [5] - Most early-stage breast cancer patients do not exhibit obvious symptoms, making regular self-examination crucial [5] - Recommended self-examination frequency is once every one to two months, including visual checks for skin changes and nipple discharge [7] Group 3: Screening and Diagnosis - Due to the uncertainty of self-examinations, regular hospital screenings are essential, including ultrasound, mammography, MRI, and ductoscopy [9] - Early-stage breast cancer often presents with calcifications that are difficult to detect via ultrasound, necessitating mammography for accurate diagnosis [9] - It is advised that women over 40 undergo mammography screenings every one to two years, especially if abnormalities are detected on X-rays [11]

Core Viewpoint - The study reveals a mechanism of liver-breast metabolic communication that drives cancer progression, particularly highlighting the role of exosomes derived from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in promoting breast cancer development [9]. Group 1: Research Findings - Exosomes from fatty liver induce the release of free fatty acids in breast adipocytes, thereby promoting breast cancer progression [3][10]. - The study establishes a correlation between NAFLD and increased breast cancer risk in atypical hyperplasia individuals, as well as poor prognosis in breast cancer patients [4]. - The accumulation of fatty liver-derived exosomes in adipocytes contributes to the formation of a pro-tumor microenvironment in the breast [4]. Group 2: Mechanisms Involved - The targeting of adipocytes by exosomes is mediated by the interaction between ErbB4 and Nrg4 [4][10]. - TRMT10C in the exosomes is transferred to mitochondria, leading to m1A modification of mitochondrial mRNA, which suppresses the translation of ND5 and ND6, resulting in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and accelerated tumor progression [4][10]. Group 3: Prognostic Indicators - Plasma ErbB4-positive exosomes are identified as an independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients with NAFLD [5].

Core Insights - Breast cancer is the most common cancer type among women, with 357,200 new cases reported in China in 2022, making it the second most prevalent malignant tumor among females [2] - Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) poses significant challenges, requiring long-term treatment and causing both physical pain and psychological stress for patients [2][17] - The emotional and psychological needs of breast cancer patients often go unrecognized, highlighting the importance of understanding their experiences [3] Group 1: Psychological Impact and Support - Many breast cancer patients experience feelings of incompleteness due to the loss of a breast, which can affect their self-image and societal perceptions of normalcy [4][5] - Self-blame is a common reaction among newly diagnosed patients, leading to increased anxiety and depression, with studies indicating that self-blame can exacerbate psychological distress [7][8][10] - Openly expressing emotions and seeking support from family and peers can significantly aid in coping with the disease, as hiding feelings may lead to increased isolation [11][13][15] Group 2: Quality of Life and Treatment Advances - Despite the challenges, breast cancer patients can still lead high-quality lives, as advancements in medical treatments have improved survival rates and options for managing the disease [18][19] - The psychological burden of breast cancer often correlates with physical symptoms, with a high prevalence of anxiety (84.1%) and depression (25.2%) among patients with advanced stages of the disease [17] - Innovative therapies, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), are becoming more prevalent, providing targeted treatment options that can enhance patients' quality of life [18] Group 3: Family Dynamics and Communication - The impact of breast cancer extends beyond the individual, significantly affecting family dynamics and the roles of patients within their households [21] - Effective communication with children about the illness is crucial, as it can alleviate fears and misconceptions, helping to maintain a sense of stability in the family [24][26] - Maintaining routines and providing emotional support to children can help them adapt to changes brought about by a parent's illness, fostering a sense of security [27]

证券代码：600276 证券简称：恒瑞医药 公告编号：临 2025-016 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 关于药品临床试验进展的公告 本公司董事会及全体董事保证本公告内容不存在任何虚假记载、误导性陈述 或者重大遗漏，并对其内容的真实性、准确性和完整性承担法律责任。 近日，江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司（以下简称"公司"）自主研发的羟乙磺 酸达尔西利片联合内分泌治疗在激素受体（HR）阳性、人表皮生长因子受体 2 （HER2）阴性女性乳腺癌辅助治疗中的一项多中心、随机、双盲的Ⅲ期临床试验 （研究方案编号：SHR6390-Ⅲ-303），首次期中分析主要终点达到统计学显著性。 研究结果显示，达尔西利联合内分泌治疗，较安慰剂联合内分泌治疗，可显著降 低患者复发风险，提高患者无侵袭性疾病生存期（IDFS）[1]。公司已于近期向国 家药品监督管理局药品审评中心递交上市前沟通交流申请。 一、 药品的基本情况 药品名称：羟乙磺酸达尔西利片 剂型：片剂 二、 药品的临床试验情况 达尔西利已于国内获批两项适应症，即本品适用于激素受体（HR）阳性、人 表皮生长因子受体 2（HER2）阴性局部晚期或转移性乳腺癌患者：1.与芳香化酶 抑制剂联合使 ...