Group 1 - The relationship between investment and consumption is interdependent, and both are essential for expanding total demand in the economy [2][3] - Government spending should focus on both investment and consumption to stimulate economic growth, with current policies showing a structural bias towards investment [2][3] - The accumulation of material capital through investment is fundamental for economic growth, while consumption contributes to human capital, which is increasingly important in an innovation-driven economy [2][4] Group 2 - The debate over whether to prioritize investment or consumption is less productive than understanding their relationship within the overall economic cycle [3] - Government spending has become an integral part of daily economic cycles, and its effectiveness is hindered by issues such as mismatched flows and uncertainty in spending responsibilities [3][6] - A shift towards a human-centered logic in economic development is necessary, focusing on meeting people's needs through both investment and consumption [4][5] Group 3 - Urban-rural dualism restricts the mobility of farmers, impacting their access to equal public services and opportunities, which highlights the need for government investment and consumption to address these social identity issues [5][6] - Promoting social equity requires addressing inequalities in starting points and opportunities, with government policies aimed at facilitating migration and urbanization [7] - The central-local fiscal relationship is crucial for effective government investment and consumption, with local government spending being a significant component of overall fiscal policy [8][9] Group 4 - Current data shows that central government spending has increased by 9%, while local government spending has only grown by 3.9%, indicating insufficient expansion at the local level [9] - To implement more effective fiscal policies, reforms in the central-local fiscal relationship are essential, particularly in increasing the share of central government spending [9]

以下文章来源于中国宏观经济论坛 CMF ，作者刘尚希 中国宏观经济论坛 CMF . 创立于2006年，由中国人民大学国发院、经济学院、中诚信国际信用评级有限公司联合主办。依托人大经济学一级学科排名全国第一的 优秀研究力量，诚邀社会知名专家，集中从事中国宏观经济动态和重大经济问题研究，定期发布分析与预测报告。 文/中国财政科学研究院原院长 刘尚希 地方收入有所增加，而支出增幅较小，显示出地方支出难以扩张。在地方 支出占比很大的情况下，这影响宏观调控的效果。因此，要实现更有效的 财政政策，必须改革央地财政关系，尤其是提高中央本级支出的占比。这 一 改革对于推动投资 和消费的协 同发展和 人本逻 辑 机制化 体制化至 关 重 要，且在当前经济形势下尤为迫切。 投资与消费是一体两面的关系 今天围绕投资与消费的关系，探讨财政政策应偏重于消费还是投资。这个问题的提出实际上将本质上一体的问题割裂开来了，用于投资 和用于消费都是政府的支出，是政府支出扩张中的结构问题。当前需要关注的首先是政府支出扩张的力度，其次才是政府支出的结构优 化。支出扩张的力度决定了扩大总需求目标的实现程度。从经济循环角度来看，投资与消费是相辅相成的， ...