Core Viewpoint - The European Union has announced final safeguard measures on certain imported ferroalloys to protect its domestic ferroalloy industry, effective until November 17, 2028 [1] Group 1: Safeguard Measures - The safeguard measures will include tariff quotas and minimum import prices for designated imported ferroalloys. If imports exceed the quotas and prices fall below the minimum, additional safeguard duties will be imposed [1] - The measures are a response to a significant increase in ferroalloy imports, which have risen by 17% from 2019 to 2024, leading to a decline in the market share of EU producers from 38% to 24% [1] Group 2: Impact on Industry - Ferroalloys are critical materials used to enhance the hardness, tensile strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of steel, with applications in steelmaking, construction, automotive, aerospace, and military industries [1] - The EU primarily imports ferroalloys from Norway, Iceland, Kazakhstan, and Brazil. To mitigate the impact of the safeguard measures on European supply chains, the EU Commission will hold consultations with Norway and Iceland every three months to assess the effects [1]

Core Viewpoint - The European Union has announced final safeguard measures on certain imported ferroalloys to protect its domestic ferroalloy industry, effective for three years until November 17, 2028 [1] Group 1: Safeguard Measures - The safeguard measures will include tariff quotas and minimum import prices for designated imported ferroalloys. If imports exceed the quotas and prices fall below the minimum, additional safeguard duties will be imposed [1] - The measures are a response to a significant increase in ferroalloy imports, which have risen by 17% from 2019 to 2024, leading to a decline in the market share of EU producers from 38% to 24% [1] Group 2: Industry Impact - Ferroalloys are critical materials used to enhance specific properties of steel, such as hardness, tensile strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, and are widely applied in industries including steelmaking, construction, automotive, aerospace, and military [1] - The EU primarily imports ferroalloys from Norway, Iceland, Kazakhstan, and Brazil. To mitigate the impact of the safeguard measures on European supply chains, the EU Commission will hold consultations with Norway and Iceland every three months to assess the effects [1]

Core Points - Morocco's Ministry of Industry and Trade has decided to extend protective measures for coated wood fiberboard (PPBR) for an additional three years due to ongoing risks of excessive imports and the vulnerability of domestic production [1] - The decision was initiated following a review request from the sole domestic producer, CEMA Bois de l'Atlas (CBA), to assess the necessity of protective measures to prevent serious damage to local production [1] - Despite the import volume of PPBR remaining stable at approximately 3.5 million square meters from 2021 to 2024, its relative share compared to domestic production continues to increase [1] Industry Summary - The extended measures will impose a specific additional tax of $0.16 per kilogram on products exceeding the annual quota, which will gradually increase from 35,280 tons in the first year to 42,688 tons in the third year [1] - The initial protective measures were implemented on September 20, 2019, for a three-year period, which ended on September 19, 2022, and included a specific additional tariff on products exceeding an initial tariff quota of 26,460 tons [1] - The measures were first extended in September 2022 for another three years, now set to last until September 19, 2025, with the quota increasing to 33,000 tons and continuing to rise annually [1]

Core Points - The WTO safeguards committee has received a notification from the Indonesian delegation regarding safeguard measures on cotton fabric imports [1] - The Indonesian Safeguard Committee (KPPI) has added four new tax codes related to cotton fabric in response to a request from the Indonesian Textile Association [1] - A safeguard investigation has been initiated by the KPPI on cotton fabric imports following a request from domestic producers, involving multiple tax codes [1] Group 1 - The Indonesian Safeguard Committee has expanded the list of tax codes for cotton fabric imports to include 5208.51.10, 5209.59.10, 5212.15.10, and 5212.25.10 [1] - Stakeholders are invited to submit evidence and comments regarding the safeguard measures [1] - The KPPI has launched a safeguard investigation on cotton fabric imports, covering a total of 30 tax codes [1]

Core Viewpoint - India has notified the WTO of its intention to impose retaliatory tariffs on the United States, citing the impact of U.S. tariffs on Indian exports valued at $2.89 billion [1][4]. Group 1: Retaliatory Tariffs - India plans to impose tariffs equivalent to the $725 million in tariffs that the U.S. has levied on Indian products [1][5]. - The U.S. tariffs, which are 25% on certain automobiles and parts, are considered by India as safeguard measures that violate WTO agreements [4][5]. - India has previously notified the WTO of similar retaliatory measures in response to U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs, indicating a pattern of trade disputes [5]. Group 2: Trade Negotiations - U.S.-India trade negotiations are ongoing, with a deadline approaching on July 9, which could lead to a 26% tariff on all Indian imports if no agreement is reached [2][7]. - Key points of contention in the negotiations include India's reluctance to open its agricultural and dairy markets, which are critical to its economy [7][8]. - The agricultural sector constitutes 16% of India's $3.9 trillion economy and employs nearly half of its 1.4 billion population, making it a politically sensitive issue [7][8]. Group 3: Market Access and Competition - India has historically excluded agriculture from free trade agreements, and opening its market could set a precedent for concessions to other trading partners [8]. - The average farm size in India is significantly smaller than in the U.S., which poses competitive challenges for Indian farmers against their American counterparts [8].

Core Points - India has announced retaliatory tariffs against the United States, amounting to $725 million, in response to U.S. tariffs on automobiles and auto parts [1][3] - The U.S. tariffs, which are 25%, are expected to impact Indian exports valued at $2.89 billion [1][3] - India has reserved the right to suspend concessions or other obligations due to the adverse effects of U.S. measures on its trade [1][4] Summary by Sections Retaliatory Tariffs - India plans to impose tariffs equivalent to the total amount of U.S. tariffs, which is $725 million [1][4] - The notification to the WTO indicates that India will suspend its obligations under the Safeguards Agreement [3][4] - The U.S. tariffs on imported passenger cars and light trucks, effective since May 3, 2025, are considered safeguards by India [3][5] Trade Negotiations - The deadline for U.S.-India trade negotiations is approaching, with a 90-day pause on tariffs ending on July 9 [6] - Key points of contention include India's reluctance to open its agricultural and dairy markets [6][7] - The agricultural sector constitutes 16% of India's $3.9 trillion economy, making it a sensitive area for negotiations [6] Market Access - The U.S. is urging India to allow imports of various products, including dairy, poultry, and grains, while India remains cautious about opening its markets [7] - India is willing to provide greater market access for certain products like dried fruits and apples but is hesitant regarding corn, soybeans, wheat, and dairy [7]

Core Viewpoint - India has formally challenged the U.S. automotive tariffs at the World Trade Organization (WTO), indicating a tougher trade stance amid ongoing bilateral trade negotiations with the U.S. [1][3] Group 1: Trade Challenge - India has submitted a complaint to the WTO, claiming that the 25% tariffs on imported passenger cars, light trucks, and certain auto parts constitute "safeguard measures" that adversely affect its exporters [1][6] - The timing of India's challenge coincides with a visit from the U.S. trade team to New Delhi, aimed at advancing bilateral trade discussions [3][6] Group 2: U.S. Tariff Policy - The U.S. has labeled India's tariffs as "very unfair and high," and recently increased tariffs on steel and aluminum products from 25% to 50%, effective June 4, 2025 [3][6] - Following the announcement of the increased tariffs, Indian stock markets saw a slight uptick, with the NIFTY and SENSEX indices rising approximately 0.3% [3] Group 3: India's Trade Negotiation Strategy - India has proposed a "zero-for-zero" tariff arrangement for specific goods, including steel, auto parts, and pharmaceuticals, based on reciprocity and limited to a certain quantity of imports [3][6] - The complaint reserves all rights under the WTO agreements, allowing India to suspend equivalent trade concessions to the U.S. if no agreement is reached within 30 days of consultations [7]

Core Points - The law aims to prevent, control, and eliminate infectious diseases, ensuring public health and safety while maintaining national security and social stability [2][3] - The law emphasizes the leadership of the Communist Party of China and prioritizes people's health and life, advocating for a preventive approach and scientific control measures [2][3] Chapter Summaries Chapter 1: General Principles - The law defines infectious diseases into three categories: Class A, Class B, and Class C, based on their severity and potential impact on public health and the economy [3][4] - Class A diseases require strict management due to their severe threat, while Class B and C diseases require varying levels of control and monitoring [3][4] Chapter 2: Prevention - Local governments are responsible for improving public health facilities and managing environmental health to enhance overall community health [20][21] - The government provides free vaccines under the national immunization program, ensuring timely vaccination for children [21] Chapter 3: Monitoring, Reporting, and Early Warning - A robust infectious disease monitoring system is established, requiring timely reporting of cases by healthcare institutions [32][35] - The law mandates a cross-departmental information-sharing mechanism to enhance the response to infectious disease outbreaks [34][56] Chapter 4: Epidemic Control - Immediate measures must be taken upon discovering Class A infectious diseases, including isolation and medical observation of patients and their close contacts [46] - Local governments can implement emergency measures during significant outbreaks, such as restricting gatherings and closing affected areas [63][64] Chapter 5: Medical Treatment - Medical institutions are required to follow strict protocols for the treatment and management of infectious diseases, ensuring safety and compliance with health regulations [47][71] Chapter 6: Support Measures - The law encourages scientific research and the use of modern technology in infectious disease prevention and control [11][12] - It promotes public participation in health education and disease prevention activities [18][19] Chapter 7: Supervision and Management - The law establishes a framework for the supervision and management of infectious disease control efforts at various government levels [6][9] - It emphasizes the importance of collaboration among different governmental departments and agencies in managing public health [6][9] Chapter 8: Legal Responsibilities - Individuals and organizations are prohibited from discriminating against patients and must comply with health measures to prevent disease spread [14][29] - The law outlines penalties for non-compliance with reporting and control measures [40][41] Chapter 9: Supplementary Provisions - The law supports international cooperation in infectious disease prevention and control [18] - It recognizes the contributions of individuals and organizations in public health efforts and provides for rewards and recognition [18][19]