炒股就看金麒麟分析师研报，权威，专业，及时，全面，助您挖掘潜力主题机会！ 中信证券研究 文|李赫然 魏鹏程 当前AI算力网络正经历向全光互联演进的关键期，NPO技术凭借在信号完整性、功耗及可维护性上的 出色平衡，成为突破带宽物理瓶颈的理想折中方案。以阿里和腾讯为代表的科技巨头正加速推进NPO架 构落地与标准化，标志着该技术已迈入规模商用阶段。这一底层硬件变革正驱动光通信产业链深刻重 构，促使厂商从单一模块组装向硅光集成等高附加值环节跨越。国内光模块龙头有望深度受益于核心算 力底座升级，迎来业绩与估值的双轨驱动，具备显著的长期配置价值。维持通信行业"强于大市"评级。 ▍AI大模型催生Scale up网络变革，NPO技术折中优势凸显。 在当前生成式AI的浪潮下，大模型架构逐渐从Dense向MoE演进，系统对Scaleup互连网络在带宽密度与 通信时延等方面提出了前所未有的极端挑战。随着底层SerDes技术向224G甚至448G演进，传统的铜线 或长距离PCB走线所带来的信号衰减已经逼近物理极限。相较于高功耗的传统可插拔光模块与面临极高 维护难度及制造壁垒的CPO（共封装光学）方案，NPO（近封装光学）展现出了极强 ...

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of SuperPod as a new AI computing infrastructure has become a focal point in the industry since 2025, with Huawei's Ascend 384 SuperPod leading the way in performance metrics compared to foreign competitors [1][3]. Group 1: SuperPod Concept and Advantages - SuperPod is not merely about stacking chips; it represents a fundamental restructuring of traditional computing architecture, enhancing communication efficiency among CPU, NPU, and memory units [4][6]. - The key advantages of SuperPod over traditional clusters include significantly improved computational efficiency, with potential model computing utilization rates increasing from 30% to 45%, equating to a 50% performance boost [7][8]. Group 2: Technical Challenges and Innovations - Building a true SuperPod is complex; Huawei's Ascend 384 SuperPod consists of 12 computing cabinets and 4 bus cabinets, while NVIDIA's NVL72 system is confined to a single cabinet due to architectural differences [8]. - Huawei employs optical communication technology for interconnection, allowing for greater scalability beyond single cabinet limitations, while traditional systems face constraints with electrical signal transmission [8][9]. Group 3: Systematic Innovation and Ecosystem Development - Huawei's systematic innovation includes proprietary chip development, optical device capabilities, and foundational protocols, enabling the creation of SuperPods that leverage full optical interconnectivity [9][12]. - The company is also developing general computing SuperPods, such as the TaiShan 950, which aims to replace various server applications by 2026 [9][11]. - A robust software ecosystem, including open-source initiatives like CANN and openEuler, is essential for the operation of SuperPods, with a focus on collaborative development within the industry [14].