在全球产业链深度重塑的关键时刻，资源安全正成为大国博弈的新焦点。 作为高科技产业不可或缺的"工业维生素"，稀土材料的战略价值愈发凸显。 文 | 空纸 编辑 | 空纸 中国，凭借其对全球稀土精炼与加工的主导地位，逐步由资源供应国转变为规则制定者和技术控制者。而欧美国家则在对华依赖与地缘竞争的双重压力下， 不断寻求突围。在这一背景下，一场围绕稀土资源的博弈悄然上演。 前言 欧盟的"访华威胁"、美国的"资本救市"、中国的"精准反制"，背后是一场没有硝烟但极其深刻的全球供应链战争。 这场竞争的胜负，不仅关乎资源本身，更关乎未来产业竞争格局的重构。 战略资源成为反制武器 随着中美贸易摩擦的持续升级，中国对稀土出口的管理步步收紧，释放出强烈的战略信号。2025年4月正式实施的《稀土管理条例》，将稀土的开采、冶 炼、出口等环节纳入法治化轨道，要求出口产品必须明确最终用户与具体用途。 这一法规被视为中国在资源安全领域的系统化升级，彻底改变了西方对中国稀土"无限制供应"的幻想。 中国当前不仅是世界第一大稀土开采国，更掌握着全球92%的稀土精炼产能和超八成的深加工技术专利，形成了完整、高效且具有技术壁垒的产业链体系。 这种强大掌 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a significant increase in the import of antimony oxide by the United States from Thailand and Mexico, which raises concerns about a potential smuggling network involving Chinese enterprises [1][7]. Group 1: Smuggling Operations - Between December 2024 and April 2025, the U.S. imported 3,834 tons of antimony oxide from Thailand and Mexico, surpassing the total of the previous three years [1][7]. - The smuggling operations involve disguising Chinese rare earth materials as other products, such as iron ore and zinc, to evade customs regulations [3][9]. - A Chinese metal chemical company's subsidiary in Thailand reportedly shipped 3,366 tons of antimony products to the U.S. within six months, marking a 27-fold increase year-on-year [5]. Group 2: Economic Implications - The surge in international rare earth prices, which have risen by 200% since 2024, has incentivized some Chinese companies to engage in smuggling for higher profits [11]. - Smuggling profits can reach 3-5 times that of normal trade, creating a vicious cycle that distorts international market prices and attracts more participants into illegal trading [11]. Group 3: Military Supply Chain Vulnerabilities - The smuggling case exposes critical vulnerabilities in the U.S. military supply chain, with a significant reliance on Chinese-produced materials for key weapon systems [12][15]. - Approximately 90% of global rare earth processing capacity is concentrated in China, and over 80% of the U.S. military's rare earth material needs are sourced from China [15]. Group 4: Regulatory Responses - In response to the smuggling issue, China initiated a special action in May 2025 to combat illegal activities related to rare earth exports, including enhanced customs inspections and data sharing with industry associations [19][21]. - New amendments to the Mineral Resources Law have increased penalties for rare earth smuggling, and several cases have already been prosecuted, involving significant quantities of metals [21]. Group 5: Strategic Implications - The ongoing rare earth competition reflects a broader struggle for control over global supply chains, with China leveraging its technological advantages to shape international trade rules [23]. - Efforts by the U.S. to rebuild its supply chain have been largely ineffective, with significant time required to establish independence from Chinese sources [17].