Core Viewpoint - Weight is only one aspect of health assessment, and true health encompasses body fat, muscle, metabolic state, and personal comfort and vitality [1][2]. Group 1: Health Assessment Metrics - Body Mass Index (BMI) is a common preliminary health assessment tool calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared [2]. - The standard BMI classifications for adults in China are: Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24), Overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28), and Obesity (BMI ≥ 28) [3]. - BMI does not differentiate between fat and muscle, meaning individuals with high muscle mass may have a high BMI but be healthy, while those with a normal BMI may have excessive fat, particularly visceral fat, posing health risks [3]. Group 2: Visceral Fat and Health Risks - Excess visceral fat is linked to central obesity and is associated with metabolic disorders and increased cardiovascular disease risk, as highlighted in the latest guidelines from the National Health Commission [4]. - Waist circumference can be a simple self-assessment tool, with normal ranges being less than 85 cm for men and less than 80 cm for women; values of 90 cm or more for men and 85 cm or more for women indicate central obesity [5]. Group 3: Comprehensive Health Indicators - Body fat percentage is a more direct measure of body composition, with over 25% for men and 30% for women indicating excess body fat, which suggests potential health risks even if weight is normal [5]. - Common measurement methods include body fat scales and skinfold calipers, with recommendations for reliable body fat scales for home tracking [6]. Group 4: Strategies for Achieving Healthy Weight - Optimizing dietary structure is essential, focusing on balanced meals with quality proteins, complex carbohydrates, and sufficient fruits and vegetables while controlling added sugars and processed foods [7]. - Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly, along with 2-3 sessions of resistance training, can enhance muscle mass and boost metabolic rate [8]. - Attention to physiological and behavioral factors is crucial, including ensuring 7-9 hours of quality sleep, managing stress, and establishing sustainable habits rather than extreme short-term measures [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of GLP-1 medications in combating visceral fat, which is linked to various chronic diseases, and highlights the potential of these drugs to transform obesity treatment and public health outcomes [2][4][6]. Group 1: GLP-1 Medications and Their Impact - GLP-1 receptor agonists were initially developed for diabetes management, working by slowing gastric emptying and affecting the brain's reward center to reduce cravings for high-calorie foods [4]. - David Kessler, former FDA commissioner, experienced significant weight loss and improved dietary habits through GLP-1 medications, although he noted the presence of gastrointestinal side effects and high costs (approximately $1,000 per month) [4][6]. - The prevalence of hyperinsulinemia in the U.S. increased from 28% in 1999 to over 41% in 2018, indicating a growing public health issue that GLP-1 medications could help address [6][7]. Group 2: Challenges and Considerations - Kessler warns that weight loss achieved through GLP-1 medications may rebound once the drugs are discontinued, likening it to pushing a life preserver underwater [6]. - The article discusses the need for further research on the long-term effects and potential intermittent use of these medications, as many individuals may be reluctant to use them indefinitely [8]. - Kessler advocates for a comprehensive approach to obesity management, combining medication with lifestyle changes, and encourages discussions between patients and healthcare providers regarding the risks and benefits of GLP-1 drugs [7][8]. Group 3: Future Outlook - The article posits that addressing obesity is not just a personal issue but a public health priority that could save trillions in healthcare costs and reduce the incidence of chronic diseases as populations age [8]. - Kessler believes that with appropriate action, the U.S. is on the brink of a pivotal moment in managing obesity and related health issues [8].