Core Viewpoint - The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched the "3 by 35" initiative, urging countries to implement health taxes to increase the actual prices of tobacco, alcohol, and sugary drinks by at least 50% by 2035, aiming to curb chronic diseases and generate significant public revenue [1][3][4]. Group 1: Health Tax Initiative - The "3 by 35" initiative is designed to alleviate pressure on health systems caused by the rise of non-communicable diseases, reduced development aid, and increasing public debt [1][3]. - WHO emphasizes that raising the prices of tobacco, alcohol, and sugary drinks can significantly reduce consumption and prevent millions of premature deaths, with a potential to avoid 50 million premature deaths over the next 50 years if prices are raised by 50% [1][4]. Group 2: Global Context and Funding Crisis - The initiative comes at a time of global public health funding crisis, particularly as donations from countries like the United States have decreased, making it urgent for low- and middle-income countries to find domestic funding sources for health needs [3][4]. - WHO aims to revitalize health taxes as a tool to reduce harmful consumption, save lives, and create important public revenue, with projections indicating that a one-time tax increase could generate up to $3.7 trillion globally over five years [4][5]. Group 3: China's Health Tax Considerations - China has already implemented consumption taxes on tobacco and alcohol, while discussions on sugary drink taxes are still in the academic phase [5][7]. - The current period in China is seen as an opportunity for consumption tax reform, with expectations to enhance the health guidance effect of these taxes [7][8]. - Experts caution that simply increasing taxes without comprehensive policies may not effectively suppress unhealthy product consumption, as seen in past experiences with tobacco tax adjustments in China [5][9].

当地时间本周三(7月2日)，世卫组织发起了一项名为"3by35"的倡议（到2035年落实3项健康 税），呼吁各国通过征收健康税，到2035年将烟草、酒精和含糖饮料的实际价格提高至少 50%，遏制慢性病的同时，还能创造重要的公共收入。 与烟草业达成限制烟草税上调的长期投资协议，可能会进一步损害国家健康目标。世卫组织鼓 励各国政府审查和避免此类豁免措施，以此来支持有效控制烟草和保护公众健康。 目前，许多中低收入国家正应对美国主导的援助不断削减的不利局面。美国代表未参加这场在 塞维利亚举行会议，并正在退出世卫组织。 世卫组织健康经济学家Guillermo Sandoval举例称，考虑到通货膨胀，该计划意味着一个中 等收入国家的政府需提高相关产品税收，将价格从如今的4美元推高至2035年的10美元。目 前，近140个国家已平均将烟草税及价格提高了50%以上，这表明大规模的改变是可能的。 Sandoval表示，在世卫组织未来几个月完成对超加工食品的定义后，该机构还在考虑就此类 食品提出更广泛的税收建议，但 他补充说，世卫组织预计会受到相关行业的抵制。 这一倡议还得到了彭博慈善基金会、世界银行和经济合作与发展组织（OEC ...

据新华社，世界卫生组织2日发起倡议，呼吁各国通过征税大幅提高烟酒和含糖 饮料的价格，以增加公 共收入，减少慢性病。倡议名为"三三五"，意为"到2035年落实三项健康税"，旨在通过征税"到2035年 将烟草、酒和含糖饮料这三类不健康产品中任一类、两类或全部三类的实际价格提高至少50%"。具体 措施将考虑各国不同国情。世卫组织说，这样做预计可在今后10年内，在减少不健康产品消费的同时， 在全球增加1万亿美元公共收入。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet for students preparing for exams, highlighting five types of foods to avoid that may negatively impact cognitive function and overall well-being during this critical period [1]. Group 1: Foods to Avoid - High-sugar foods, such as sugary drinks and desserts, can lead to blood sugar fluctuations, resulting in decreased attention and increased fatigue, commonly referred to as "carb crash" [2]. - High-fat foods, including fried items and fatty meats, can cause digestive discomfort and hinder cognitive performance due to their low nutritional density [3]. - Stimulant beverages like coffee and energy drinks may temporarily enhance alertness but can lead to anxiety and sleep disturbances when consumed excessively [4]. - Raw foods, such as sushi and undercooked eggs, pose a risk of foodborne illnesses, which can disrupt study routines and exam performance [5][6]. - Trying unfamiliar foods can increase the risk of allergies or digestive issues, potentially affecting focus and stability during exam preparation [7]. Group 2: Dietary Recommendations - A light and balanced diet is recommended, avoiding overly salty or spicy foods that can burden the kidneys and irritate the digestive system [8]. - Regular meal patterns should be maintained to ensure steady energy levels, with an emphasis on whole grains and diverse protein sources [9].

Core Viewpoint - The prevention of childhood obesity is crucial and should begin during pregnancy and continue through early childhood, emphasizing the importance of balanced nutrition and physical activity [1][2][3][4] Group 1: Causes of Childhood Obesity - Childhood obesity is caused by multiple factors, primarily lifestyle choices such as excessive eating and insufficient physical activity, leading to an energy imbalance [1] - Obesity can lead to serious health complications, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and psychological issues, which may persist into adulthood [1] Group 2: Prevention Strategies - Prevention should start during pregnancy, with mothers maintaining a balanced diet and appropriate physical activity to avoid excessive fetal growth [2] - Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months is essential, followed by gradual introduction of solid foods while continuing breastfeeding until the age of two [2] Group 3: Healthy Eating Habits - Parents should ensure children have a balanced diet with a variety of foods, including grains, proteins, vegetables, and fruits, while controlling oil and salt intake [3] - Daily milk intake should be encouraged at approximately 300-500 milliliters, and water intake should be around 800-1400 milliliters, while limiting sugary drinks to prevent excess calorie consumption [3] Group 4: Physical Activity Recommendations - Infants should engage in at least 30 minutes of tummy time, while toddlers should have a minimum of 180 minutes of physical activity daily [4] - School-aged children should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day, including strength training exercises [4] - It is important to limit sedentary behavior, encouraging breaks from screen time to promote movement [4] Group 5: Management of Existing Obesity - For already obese children, lifestyle adjustments should be prioritized, with medical intervention considered only if lifestyle changes are ineffective or if complications arise [4]

浆果 虽然这类水果的个头小，但堪称营养宝库。富含花青素的浆果有很多种，如黑莓、蓝莓、木莓和草 莓等。浆果的高抗氧化剂含量通过保护健康细胞免受自由基的损害来预防多种慢性疾病。 抗炎已经成为健康界和营养圈的流行语。由于饮食在慢性炎症的发展中起到了重要作用，因此通过 改变饮食来减少炎症是可行的。 "抗炎饮食"中的炎，跟平时嗓子发炎不同，是指各种细胞因子在压力或应激状态下过量产生的低水 平慢性炎症。研究发现，这种反复持续的慢性炎症与多种慢性疾病有关，比如肥胖、2型糖尿病、心血 管疾病、癌症等。 今天，就为大家盘点那些具有优越抗炎性能的食物。 芦笋 天津科技大学的食品科学家发表在《功能性食品》上的研究结果显示，这种产于春季的农产品富含 多酚类物质，这种化合物能帮助预防癌症、糖尿病和心脏病。 芦笋还含有大量的花青素和膳食纤维，它们能保持排便规律。有类似功效的蔬菜还包括花椰菜、彩 椒和笋瓜等。 绿叶蔬菜 像菠菜和羽衣甘蓝这样的绿叶蔬菜是膳食纤维、维生素E、维生素C和其他抗氧化剂的重要来源。 这个类别的蔬菜还包括：芝麻菜、白菜和甜菜等。 这类水果含有的维生素C能增强免疫系统的功能，加快伤口愈合，促进身体组织的发育、生长和修 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a rare case of cataracts in a 25-year-old individual, linking the condition to lifestyle choices, particularly a high-sugar diet, which can lead to diabetes and subsequently cataracts [1][3][4]. Group 1: Case Study - A 25-year-old man named Xiao Wu from Wuhan experienced sudden vision loss due to cataracts, which is typically uncommon in younger individuals [1][3]. - Medical examination revealed that Xiao Wu's cataracts were severe, with his lenses almost completely opaque, indicating a serious condition [1]. - Blood sugar levels were alarmingly high, exceeding thirty, which is three to four times the normal range, suggesting a potential link to diabetes [3]. Group 2: Medical Insights - The medical community has identified metabolic cataracts as a possible cause for young patients, particularly when other factors like trauma are ruled out [3][4]. - A significant factor contributing to Xiao Wu's condition was his dietary habits, which included a preference for sugary drinks and high-fat foods, increasing his risk of diabetes [4]. - Recent observations indicate a rising trend of cataracts in individuals in their twenties, often associated with high sugar consumption [4][6]. Group 3: Health Recommendations - Medical professionals urge young individuals not to underestimate the risks of metabolic diseases like diabetes, emphasizing the importance of dietary control and regular exercise [6]. - Recommendations include reducing the intake of high-sugar and high-fat foods and maintaining an active lifestyle to prevent health issues [6].

A DIAGNOSTIC OF THE HEALTH TAXES LANDSCAPE IN INDIA D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R O C T O B E R 2 0 2 4 Rijo M. John Edson C. Araujo Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized A DIAGNOSTIC OF THE HEALTH TAXES LANDSCAPE IN INDIA Rijo M. John Edson C. Araujo October 2024 Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Global Practice of the World Bank. The papers i ...