随着中国成为全球超重和肥胖人口最多的国家，含糖饮料消费的快速增长被公认为是关键推手之一。目 前，全球已有超108个国家和地区实施了不同形式的含糖饮料税。世界卫生组织更在2025年7月发 起"3by35"全球倡议，呼吁各国对含糖饮料征收至少达到零售价20%的税率，目标是到2035年将含糖饮 料整体价格提高50%。 "含糖饮料税是一种能够在一定程度上减少消费的有效工具，但其作用是渐进的、有限的，需要与信息 告知、环境改善和其他健康政策协同，才能产生更稳定和可持续的公共卫生收益。"北京大学公共卫生 学院营养与食品卫生学系教授马冠生表示。 全球控糖趋势 世卫组织最新发布的《2025年全球含糖饮料税使用情况报告》（下称《报告》）显示，全球含糖饮料消 费量在2013年至2024年间增长约14%。为遏制含糖饮料带来的健康隐患，含糖饮料税正成为越来越多国 家的政策选择。截至2024年7月，全球至少有116个国家对至少一种含糖饮料征收国家级消费税。世卫组 织建议各国应更加系统地改进税收政策设计，提高含糖饮料的税收，使其价格更加昂贵，从而有效减少 游离糖的摄入量。 从国际实践来看，含糖饮料税已被证明在减少消费方面具有一定效果。墨 ...

2026.02. 10 本文字数：2900，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一 财经 马晓华 随着中国成为全球超重和肥胖人口最多的国家，含糖饮料消费的快速增长被公认为是关键推手之一。 目前，全球已有超108个国家和地区实施了不同形式的含糖饮料税。世界卫生组织更在2025年7月发 起"3by35"全球倡议，呼吁各国对含糖饮料征收至少达到零售价20%的税率，目标是到2035年将含 糖饮料整体价格提高50%。 马冠生教授团队的研究表明，如果在2025~2092年在全国范围内实施针对含糖饮料的20%税收，估 计可减少约5980万个DALY（伤残调整生命年）的健康损失、减少约240亿元的健康相关直接成本， 增加约180亿元的财政收入，避免约2150亿元的生产力损失，综合经济收益约4.51万亿元，人均收 益约9万元。 超越税收的立体干预 目前中国尚未实施含糖饮料税，且缺乏针对该税项在中国实际效果的本土化实证研究。世卫组织报告 也提到：含糖饮料消费税的潜力尚未得到充分利用。那么，含糖饮料税作为一定程度上减少消费的有 效工具，尤其对价格敏感的青少年群体效果更明显，但用于公共卫生项目，它到底能发挥多大作用？ 2025年7月发表 ...

在此背景下，作为含糖饮料消费大国，中国是否应增设含糖饮料税，成为社会各界关注的焦点。 "含糖饮料税是一种能够在一定程度上减少消费的有效工具，但其作用是渐进的、有限的，需要与信息 告知、环境改善和其他健康政策协同，才能产生更稳定和可持续的公共卫生收益。"北京大学公共卫生 学院营养与食品卫生学系教授马冠生表示。 全球控糖趋势 世卫组织最新发布的《2025年全球含糖饮料税使用情况报告》（下称《报告》）显示，全球含糖饮料消 费量在2013年至2024年间增长约14%。为遏制含糖饮料带来的健康隐患，含糖饮料税正成为越来越多国 家的政策选择。截至2024年7月，全球至少有116个国家对至少一种含糖饮料征收国家级消费税。世卫组 织建议各国应更加系统地改进税收政策设计，提高含糖饮料的税收，使其价格更加昂贵，从而有效减少 游离糖的摄入量。 在中国控糖的实践版图上，上海提供了先行先试的案例。 随着中国成为全球超重和肥胖人口最多的国家，含糖饮料消费的快速增长被公认为是关键推手之一。目 前，全球已有超108个国家和地区实施了不同形式的含糖饮料税。世界卫生组织更在2025年7月发 起"3by35"全球倡议，呼吁各国对含糖饮料征收至少达 ...

Group 1 - The core issue during the winter vacation is the imbalance between children's energy intake and expenditure, leading to potential weight gain [1][2] - The increase in family gatherings and availability of high-calorie foods during the holiday season contributes to excessive calorie consumption among children [2] - Reduced outdoor activities due to cold weather and increased screen time result in significantly lower energy expenditure, with children potentially sitting for 6 to 8 hours a day [2] Group 2 - It is emphasized that dieting is not advisable for children; instead, the focus should be on healthy eating habits, encouraging a variety of colorful foods that provide essential nutrients [2][3] - Parents are encouraged to categorize snacks into "daily," "occasional," and "avoid," promoting healthier options like fruits and nuts while limiting high-calorie snacks [2] - Engaging children in fun physical activities and household chores can help them burn calories while strengthening family bonds [3] Group 3 - Establishing a regular daily routine is crucial to prevent weight gain, with recommendations for parents to create a "winter vacation schedule" to avoid late nights and oversleeping [3] - Parental involvement and guidance are highlighted as key factors in helping children develop healthy eating and exercise habits during the holiday [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the concept of a sugar tax as a potential policy tool in China, drawing on international experiences and historical context to advocate for its implementation to improve public health and generate revenue [2][3]. Group 1: What is Sugar Tax? - Historically, sugar tax was akin to a luxury tax, primarily targeting the wealthy to generate fiscal revenue [13]. - Contemporary sugar tax resembles tobacco tax, specifically targeting sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) to promote healthier consumption and correct market externalities, with a focus on public welfare [4][16]. Group 2: Should Sugar Tax be Implemented? - The article highlights the regressive nature of sugar tax, disproportionately affecting low-income households who consume more sugary drinks [5][26]. - It cites the U.S. experience where 99% of sugar tax revenue is allocated, with 95% used for community health investments, and 85% directed back to affected communities [5][26]. Group 3: How to Implement Sugar Tax? - The article suggests that the sugar tax should at least lead to a 20% increase in retail prices to be effective [6][31]. - It discusses various taxation methods, primarily excise tax, and emphasizes the need for a clear basis for taxation, preferably based on the sugar content of beverages [6][30]. Group 4: Revenue Potential of Sugar Tax in China - The article estimates that a sugar tax of 10% to 30% could generate approximately 700 to 2000 billion yuan annually, contributing 4% to 12% of total consumption tax revenue [8][34]. - It provides a detailed breakdown of potential revenue from both production and retail stages, indicating significant fiscal benefits from implementing such a tax [34][40].

Core Viewpoint - The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that low taxation on sugary and alcoholic beverages contributes to rising health issues, particularly among children and adolescents, necessitating a redesign and increase in related taxes to alleviate healthcare burdens [1] Group 1: Taxation and Health Impact - Most countries maintain low tax rates on sugary and alcoholic beverages, leading to their affordability and increased consumption [1] - The consumption of these products is linked to non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, which place financial strain on healthcare systems [1] Group 2: Economic Implications - The global market for sugary and alcoholic beverages generates profits in the billions, driving widespread consumption and corporate profits [1] - The long-term health and economic costs associated with these products are borne by society, highlighting the need for effective taxation [1] Group 3: WHO Recommendations - WHO emphasizes that health taxes are a powerful tool for promoting health and preventing disease [1] - Increasing taxes on harmful products like tobacco, sugary drinks, and alcohol can reduce harmful consumption and generate funding for essential health services [1]

Core Insights - The study published by Yale University reveals a significant association between the consumption of sweetened beverages (both sugary and artificially sweetened) and adverse liver health outcomes, indicating that daily intake of these beverages increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease (MASLD), severe liver disease, and chronic liver disease mortality [2][4]. Group 1: Study Overview - The research utilized data from the UK Biobank, involving 173,840 participants aged 40-69, and applied Cox proportional hazards regression models to analyze the relationship between sweetened beverage consumption and liver health outcomes [3]. - At baseline, 14.2% of participants consumed at least one sugary drink daily, while 10.8% consumed at least one artificially sweetened drink daily, with one serving defined as 250mL [3]. Group 2: Findings on Beverage Consumption - Each additional serving of sugary beverages per day was associated with a 10% increase in MASLD risk, a 21% increase in cirrhosis risk, an 18% increase in severe liver disease risk, and a 37% increase in chronic liver disease mortality risk [4]. - For artificially sweetened beverages, each additional serving per day correlated with a 15% increase in MASLD risk, a 14% increase in severe liver disease risk, and a 41% increase in chronic liver disease mortality risk [4]. Group 3: Health Improvement Potential - Reducing sweetened beverage intake may significantly improve liver health; substituting one serving of sugary drinks with tea or coffee is linked to a 10%-32% reduction in risks associated with MASLD, cirrhosis, severe liver disease, and chronic liver disease mortality [5]. - Similarly, replacing one serving of artificially sweetened beverages with tea or coffee is associated with a 14%-34% reduction in the same health risks [5]. Group 4: Protein Signatures and Health Risks - The study identified specific proteomic signatures associated with sweetened beverage consumption that correlate with increased risks of MASLD, cirrhosis, severe liver disease, and chronic liver disease mortality [5]. - For sugary beverages, each standard deviation increase in related proteomic features was linked to a 65% increase in MASLD risk, a 52% increase in cirrhosis risk, a 111% increase in severe liver disease risk, and a 53% increase in chronic liver disease mortality risk [5]. - For artificially sweetened beverages, the corresponding increases were 96% for MASLD, 71% for cirrhosis, 114% for severe liver disease, and 442% for chronic liver disease mortality [5]. Group 5: Implications for Dietary Recommendations - The findings underscore the importance of understanding how sweetened beverages impact liver health and suggest the need for personalized dietary recommendations to reduce the intake of these beverages to improve liver health and lower the risk of severe complications related to liver disease [6].

Core Viewpoint - The discussion around "poor-quality carbohydrates as a driver of chronic inflammation" has gained significant attention, highlighting the contrasting health impacts of different types of carbohydrates. Long-term consumption of poor-quality carbohydrates can disrupt metabolism, induce chronic inflammation, and increase disease risk [1]. Group 1: Mechanisms of Poor-Quality Carbohydrates - Poor-quality carbohydrates are defined as highly processed foods low in dietary fiber, high in glycemic index, and significantly depleted of nutrients, including sugary drinks and refined grains [1]. - These foods disrupt blood sugar metabolism, leading to inflammation through a cycle of high sugar intake, insulin resistance, and increased inflammatory markers [1]. - They also damage gut microbiome balance, leading to "leaky gut" syndrome, where toxins from harmful bacteria enter the bloodstream, triggering systemic inflammation [2]. - Excess sugar can form advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which promote inflammation and accelerate cellular aging, resulting in visible skin aging [2]. Group 2: Health Risks Associated with Poor-Quality Carbohydrates - Chronic inflammation is just one consequence; poor-quality carbohydrates act as catalysts for various chronic diseases. They provide weak satiety, leading to overeating and increased visceral fat, which releases inflammatory factors [3]. - The World Health Organization has identified excessive intake of poor-quality carbohydrates as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, with insulin resistance being a key contributor to these conditions [3]. - Chronic inflammation can create a favorable environment for cancer cell growth, with studies indicating a higher risk of colorectal and breast cancers among those consuming high-glycemic foods [3]. Group 3: Recommendations for Healthy Carbohydrate Consumption - The focus should be on replacing poor-quality carbohydrates with high-quality options characterized by slow glycemic response, high fiber content, and minimal processing. Suggestions include mixing white rice with whole grains or substituting starchy foods with sweet potatoes and corn [4]. - Total carbohydrate intake should align with dietary guidelines, comprising 50%-65% of total energy, with whole grains and legumes making up 50-150 grams daily, and ensuring a fiber-to-carbohydrate ratio not exceeding 10:1 [4]. - Combining carbohydrates with proteins and healthy fats can slow digestion and enhance satiety, promoting better health outcomes [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the hidden dangers of visceral fat, which can lead to significant health risks even in individuals with normal body weight. It highlights the importance of awareness regarding visceral fat and its impact on metabolic health and disease risk. Group 1: Visceral Fat as a Health Threat - Visceral fat is the fat that surrounds internal organs such as the liver, pancreas, and intestines, and it is not visible like subcutaneous fat. This type of fat can lead to metabolic disorders and inflammation, posing serious health risks [6][7]. - The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that a waist circumference of ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women significantly increases the risk of visceral fat accumulation [7]. - Research published in The Lancet indicates that a 10% increase in visceral fat raises the risk of cardiovascular diseases by 13% and doubles the risk of diabetes [7]. Group 2: Causes of Excess Visceral Fat - High-sugar and high-fat diets are primary contributors to excess visceral fat. Consuming refined carbohydrates and trans fats leads to increased triglyceride synthesis in the liver, resulting in fat accumulation around internal organs. A study from Harvard University found that drinking one sugary beverage daily can increase visceral fat by 15% annually [9]. - Sedentary behavior and lack of exercise significantly contribute to visceral fat accumulation. Data from the Journal of Sports Medicine shows that sitting for two consecutive hours can reduce the activity of fat-decomposing enzymes by 90% [10]. - Chronic stress and lack of sleep also play a role in visceral fat accumulation. High levels of cortisol, the stress hormone, promote fat storage in the abdominal area. Individuals who sleep less than five hours per night accumulate visceral fat 30% faster than those who get adequate sleep [11].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the hidden dangers of visceral fat, which can lead to significant health risks even in individuals with normal body weight. It highlights the importance of awareness regarding visceral fat accumulation and its implications for metabolic health [5][6]. Group 1: Visceral Fat as a Health Threat - Visceral fat is described as fat that surrounds internal organs, which is not visible externally but poses serious health risks such as metabolic disorders and inflammation [6]. - The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that a waist circumference of ≥90cm for men and ≥85cm for women significantly increases the risk of visceral fat-related health issues [7]. - Research published in The Lancet indicates that a 10% increase in visceral fat raises the risk of cardiovascular diseases by 13% and doubles the risk of diabetes [7]. Group 2: Causes of Excess Visceral Fat - High-sugar and high-fat dietary habits are identified as primary contributors to excess visceral fat. Consuming refined carbohydrates and trans fats leads to increased triglyceride synthesis in the liver, resulting in fat accumulation around internal organs. A study from Harvard University found that drinking one sugary beverage daily can increase visceral fat by 15% annually [9]. - Sedentary behavior and lack of exercise are also significant factors. Data from the Journal of Sports Medicine shows that sitting for two consecutive hours can reduce fat breakdown enzyme activity by 90%, making it easier for fat to accumulate in the abdominal area [10]. - Chronic stress and lack of sleep contribute to visceral fat accumulation. Elevated cortisol levels, a stress hormone, promote muscle breakdown and fat storage in the abdomen. Individuals sleeping less than five hours per night experience a 30% faster accumulation of visceral fat compared to those with adequate sleep [11].