世界卫生组织（WHO，下称"世卫"）近期发起一项新倡议，敦促各国通过征收健康税，到2035年将烟 草、酒精和含糖饮料的实际价格提高至少50%，此举旨在遏制慢性病并创造重要的公共收入。世卫认 为，这项"3by35"倡议（到2035年落实3项健康税）推出之际，全球各国正面临非传染性疾病增加、发展 援助缩减和公共债务攀升带来的巨大压力。 健康税(Health tax)是指对人群健康有负面影响的产品所征收的税。在前述世卫提出的三项健康税中，中 国已开征两项，即对烟草制品、电子烟和酒精征税。但实施近30年后，业界普遍认为，健康税在改变我 国国民消费行为和提升人群健康方面都尚未起到明显作用。 近日举行的第十三届北京洪堡论坛健康财政政策分论坛期间，多名与会国内外学者、政府官员认为，当 下正值中国新一轮财税体制改革的酝酿期。在消费税改革中，烟草和酒类消费税的税率仍需提升，且需 根据人群收入水平的提高不断进行调整，以保持政策对消费行为影响的有效性。与此同时，建议增加烟 酒制品消费税中的"从量税"比重，并适时考虑将含糖饮料纳入消费税税目中。 烟酒产品消费税仍有提升空间 "目前，全球中等收入国家的平均烟草价格为6.09国际元（国际 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the harmful impact of sugary drinks on the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), highlighting a significant correlation between the consumption of these beverages and the increased incidence and mortality rates of CRC among younger populations [2][6][9]. Group 1: Sugary Drinks and Colorectal Cancer - Sugary drinks, defined as liquids containing added sugars like sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup, have seen a global increase in consumption since the 1980s, closely linked to metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes [2][6]. - A study published by researchers at the MD Anderson Cancer Center indicates that fructose and glucose from sugary drinks enhance CRC metastasis through the activation of the enzyme sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) [3][9]. - Epidemiological studies have shown that the intake of sugary drinks is associated with a doubling of the risk of developing CRC in younger individuals [6]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Action - The latest research reveals that a combination of glucose and fructose enhances the migratory and metastatic potential of CRC cells compared to glucose alone, reflecting the composition of sugary drinks [7]. - The mechanism involves the activation of the polyol pathway, which increases the NAD⁺/NADH ratio, thereby accelerating glycolytic activity and promoting the activation of the mevalonate pathway, ultimately facilitating cancer cell migration and metastasis [7][9]. Group 3: Implications for Treatment - The findings suggest potential dietary interventions and treatment strategies to inhibit the metastasis of CRC in patients, highlighting the need for awareness regarding the consumption of sugary drinks [9].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing concern regarding the consumption of sugary drinks and their association with colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly among younger populations, emphasizing the need for further research on the impact of these beverages on cancer progression and metastasis [2][6]. Group 1: Sugary Drinks and Colorectal Cancer - Sugary drinks, defined as liquids containing added sugars like sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup, have seen a global increase in consumption since the 1980s, correlating with rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease [2]. - The consumption of sugary drinks has been linked to a doubling of the risk of developing colorectal cancer in younger individuals, as confirmed by large-scale epidemiological studies [6]. Group 2: Research Findings - A recent study published in Nature Metabolism reveals that fructose and glucose from sugary drinks enhance colorectal cancer metastasis through the activation of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) [3][9]. - The research indicates that a combination of glucose and fructose significantly increases the migration and metastatic potential of colorectal cancer cells compared to glucose alone, suggesting a specific mechanism involving the NAD⁺/NADH ratio and glycolytic activity [7]. Group 3: Implications for Treatment and Diet - The findings of this research underscore the harmful effects of sugary drinks on the progression of colorectal cancer and suggest potential dietary interventions and treatment strategies to inhibit metastasis in patients [9].

Core Viewpoint - Oral health is a crucial component of overall health, and there are various behaviors that can harm teeth, necessitating scientific dental care practices [1] Group 1: Harmful Behaviors - Frequent consumption of sugary drinks can lead to tooth decay as sugars are broken down by bacteria, producing organic acids that demineralize tooth enamel [3] - Biting hard objects can cause tooth mobility and cracks, leading to complex dental issues [4] - Alternating between hot and cold stimuli can increase tooth sensitivity, affecting overall dental health [4] - Incorrect brushing habits, such as using excessive force or hard-bristled brushes, can wear down tooth enamel and lead to gum issues [4] Group 2: Recommended Dental Care Practices - Limit sugar and acidic food intake, and rinse with water after consuming sugary items to protect teeth [6] - Brush teeth at least twice daily for 2-3 minutes, avoiding aggressive brushing techniques [8] - Choose appropriate toothpaste based on dental conditions, such as fluoride toothpaste for cavity prevention or sensitivity toothpaste for sensitive teeth [8] - Use dental floss or interdental brushes to clean between teeth, as cavities often occur in these areas [10] - Regular dental cleanings are recommended, ideally every six months to a year, to prevent periodontal disease [11] - Timely extraction of problematic teeth is essential to avoid complications such as pain and infection [13]

Core Insights - Global warming is influencing dietary habits, leading to increased sugar consumption as temperatures rise [1][2] - A study indicates that for every 1°C increase in temperature, daily added sugar intake rises by 0.70 grams per person [1] - By 2095, if global temperatures rise by approximately 5°C, Americans may consume an additional 3 grams of added sugar daily, equivalent to the sugar in half a can of soda [2] Group 1: Impact of Temperature on Sugar Consumption - Higher temperatures correlate with increased purchases of sugary beverages and frozen desserts, as they serve as affordable and accessible options for cooling down [1] - The study analyzed food purchasing records from 2004 to 2019 alongside weather data, revealing a clear pattern of rising sugar intake with increasing heat [1] Group 2: Health Implications and Recommendations - Excessive intake of added sugars is linked to chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, exacerbated by climate change [2] - The combination of high temperatures and high-sugar diets is intensifying nutritional inequality, necessitating a broader view of climate change impacts beyond environmental factors [2] - Future climate adaptation strategies should include healthier food policies, such as subsidies for healthy beverages during hot seasons and promoting low-sugar dietary options in communities [2]

Group 1 - The article highlights the increasing trend of young people adopting extreme health practices, leading to chronic diseases such as gout, fatty liver, and diabetes [1][2][3] - It emphasizes the importance of balanced diets, moderate exercise, and regular routines as the foundation of true health [1][3] - Medical professionals warn that excessive exercise can lead to acute gout attacks due to elevated uric acid levels, with studies indicating that a single high-intensity workout can increase blood uric acid by over 30% [2][3] Group 2 - The phenomenon of "skinny fatty liver" is becoming more common, particularly among young women who engage in extreme dieting, leading to health issues despite weight loss [4][5] - The article discusses the mechanisms behind fatty liver development due to extreme weight loss, including insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances [4][5] - It advises that weight management should focus on balanced diets and gradual weight loss, recommending a maximum of 5% weight loss per month for safety [5] Group 3 - The article addresses the misconception that "sugar-free" drinks are entirely safe, as excessive consumption can still lead to health issues like diabetes [6][7] - It notes that the proportion of diabetes patients under 40 is increasing, linked to unhealthy lifestyles, including irregular eating and lack of exercise [7] - The article stresses the importance of early intervention during the "prediabetes" stage to prevent the progression to full diabetes [7] Group 4 - The "Three Reductions and Three Healths" initiative by the National Health Commission aims to lower chronic disease risks through scientific lifestyle interventions [8][11] - Recommendations include reducing salt intake to no more than 5 grams per day, oil intake to 25-30 grams, and added sugar to no more than 25 grams [8][10][11] - The initiative also emphasizes maintaining oral health, healthy weight, and bone health through proper nutrition and regular physical activity [12][13][14]

Group 1 - The core issue of childhood obesity during summer vacations is influenced by irregular eating habits, lack of physical activity, and misconceptions about healthy weight gain [2][3]. - Experts emphasize that summer is a critical period for managing children's weight and suggest establishing a regular routine, ensuring outdoor activities, and replacing snacks with fruits [2][3]. - Proper dietary choices are essential, including fresh fruits and vegetables, quality proteins, and balanced meals to avoid excessive weight gain [3][6]. Group 2 - Regular health check-ups are crucial for monitoring children's growth indicators, including height and weight, to assess their development accurately [4]. - The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a key metric for diagnosing overweight and obesity in children, with specific thresholds indicating potential weight issues [4]. - It is advised that children should not rely on dieting for weight loss, as it can lead to nutritional deficiencies and other health issues [5][6].

Core Viewpoint - Carbohydrates can be categorized into "good" and "bad," and the quality of carbohydrates consumed is more important than the quantity for weight management [1][3]. Group 1: Good Carbohydrates - Good carbohydrates come from minimally processed, nutrient-dense plant-based foods, characterized by low glycemic index (GI), high dietary fiber, and high nutritional density [4]. - They provide sustained energy, help stabilize blood sugar levels, and reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [4]. Group 2: Bad Carbohydrates - Bad carbohydrates are often found in highly processed foods or those with added sugars, which are low in nutritional value and can lead to rapid spikes and drops in blood sugar levels [6]. - Long-term consumption of bad carbohydrates increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases [6]. Group 3: Scientific Approach to Carbohydrate Consumption - It is recommended to choose whole grains, tubers, and legumes as good carbohydrates while reducing the intake of refined grains and sugary beverages [11]. - The 2022 Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents suggest that carbohydrates should provide 50% to 65% of total energy intake, with specific recommendations for different food types [12]. - Combining good carbohydrates with high-quality proteins and healthy fats can further stabilize blood sugar and enhance satiety [13]. Group 4: Dietary Variety - A diverse diet is encouraged, including three types of grains, tubers, and legumes, along with four varieties of fresh vegetables and fruits to ensure comprehensive nutrition [15].

Core Viewpoint - The excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is leading to a significant increase in chronic diseases globally, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, with alarming trends observed particularly in China [5][8][11]. Group 1: Global Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages - A study published in *Nature Medicine* analyzed health data from 118 countries and found that in 2020, SSBs were responsible for 220,000 new cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D), accounting for 9.8% of global new cases, and 120,000 new cases of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), representing 3.1% [8][9]. - The research also indicated that SSBs were linked to approximately 340,000 deaths globally, with T2D-related deaths at 80,278 and CVD-related deaths at 257,962 [8][9]. Group 2: The Situation in China - A study by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that from 1990 to 2019, deaths related to SSB consumption in China surged by 95%, rising from a low base to 46,633 deaths in 2019 [11]. - The proportion of deaths attributable to SSBs increased from 0.34% to 0.46%, indicating that nearly 1 in every 200 deaths is directly related to these beverages [11]. - Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes were identified as the two leading causes of death linked to SSBs, with IHD-related deaths reaching 42,098 in 2019, reflecting a 95% increase over 30 years [12]. Group 3: Health Risks Associated with SSBs - A long-term study published in *The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition* found that daily consumption of over 500ml of SSBs increases the risk of asthma by 19% and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk by 53% [13][14]. - The study also highlighted that artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) pose even greater risks, with a 34% increase in COPD risk and a 10% increase in asthma risk for those consuming two cups daily [13][14].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of scientific dietary management for children, particularly focusing on balanced nutrition rather than just weight loss [1][19]. Dietary Management - Parents are increasingly bringing their children to weight management clinics as summer approaches, highlighting a growing awareness of childhood obesity [1]. - Scientific weight management for children should prioritize balanced nutrition, with a recommended weight loss of 1 to 2 kg per month being sufficient [1]. - A balanced diet should include five food categories: grains, fruits and vegetables, protein sources, legumes and nuts, and fats [3]. - Daily protein intake should consist of approximately 300 ml of dairy, one egg, and 100g to 150g of meat, while vegetables should be at least 500g and fruits between 150g to 250g [3]. Eating Habits - It is advised to prioritize whole grains over refined grains and to slow down eating by cutting vegetables into larger pieces [5]. - The order of food consumption is crucial: start with vegetables, followed by protein, and then carbohydrates [5]. - Parents should encourage children to drink water and replace snacks with fresh fruits to avoid "hidden calories" from sugary drinks and junk food [5]. Physical Activity - Exercise is essential for weight management in children, with recommendations for a mix of resistance and aerobic exercises [6][8]. - Suitable activities include moderate-intensity resistance exercises and aerobic activities lasting between 30 to 60 minutes, with a goal of at least two hours of physical activity daily [8][10]. Psychological Aspects - Obese children may develop self-esteem issues related to their weight, known as body image distortion, which can affect their confidence and emotional well-being [11][17]. - Signs of psychological distress include extreme sensitivity to weight-related terms, social withdrawal, and negative self-talk about their appearance [15][17]. - Parents are advised to shift focus from weight discussions to children's interests and strengths, and seek professional help if psychological issues persist [17]. Misconceptions about Weight Management - The belief that childhood obesity will resolve itself in adulthood is incorrect, as 60% to 70% of obese children may remain obese as adults [19]. - The notion that higher exercise intensity leads to faster weight loss is also misleading; a gradual increase in exercise intensity is recommended to prevent injuries [20].