法国菜肴在全世界享有盛名，精致的烹饪方式、美味的菜品和优雅的餐桌礼仪共同构成了法餐作为高级 美食的印象。法棍面包、奶酪和葡萄酒已成为法国人民族身份认同的重要组成部分，因此，当可口可乐 和美式快餐在全球化的浪潮中进军法国时遭到了强烈的抵制。饮食与社会政治密切相关，从亨利四世 的"让每个农民锅里都有一只鸡"到玛丽·安托瓦内特的"让他们吃蛋糕吧"，与食物相关的隐喻或谣言为 政治做出了直白的注解，国家稳定与否很大程度上取决于百姓的盘中餐。自十六世纪初意大利厨师随凯 瑟琳·德·美第奇来到法国王室后，法兰西宫廷美食在此后几个世纪中成为欧洲餐饮的风向标，经历了大 革命的冲击后，现代意义上的法国美食在十九世纪正式形成。法国人的食物与政治构成了一首交响曲， 在旧制度走向衰落、启蒙运动兴起的十八世纪，饮食如何影响了法国的国家治理？剑桥大学教授艾玛· 斯派瑞（Emma C. Spary）关于饮食与科学史的研究提供了一个新颖的视角，她凭借《品尝启蒙：巴黎 的饮食与科学》（Eating the Enlightenment: Food and the Sciences in Paris, The University of Chicag ...

Core Argument - The core argument of Ueno Chizuko's work is a critical reflection on the failures and successes of past social movements in Japan, particularly focusing on the leftist movements of the 1960s and 1970s, and their implications for the current generation [4]. Group 1: Social Movements and Their Impact - Ueno highlights that while the leftist movements of the past contributed to discussions on gender equality and social justice, they ultimately failed to achieve systemic change [4]. - The author critiques the blind spots of these movements, particularly their neglect of differences among various social groups and their overly idealistic goals that led to a disconnect from reality [4]. Group 2: Vision for the Future - Ueno envisions a society where the weak can be respected for their vulnerability, rather than being pressured to conform to traditional notions of strength [4]. - The author questions the authority of the older generation to instruct the youth on the future of Japan, given the current state of the world, emphasizing the need for accountability [4].

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding how technological change drives sustained economic growth [1] Group 1: Contributions of Joel Mokyr - Mokyr's research focuses on the origins and evolution of modern economic growth through systematic studies of economic history [1] - He emphasizes the role of knowledge in economic growth, arguing that modern growth is significantly more dependent on knowledge compared to pre-modern economies [5][6] - Mokyr attributes the rise of knowledge's importance in economic growth to the Enlightenment, which reshaped knowledge systems and encouraged scientific inquiry [6][7] Group 2: Contributions of Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt - Aghion and Howitt introduced the concept of "creative destruction," explaining how technological progress disrupts old structures to promote economic growth [11][12] - Their work on endogenous growth theory highlights the dual effects of technological change: enhancing long-term growth potential while also causing disruptions to existing enterprises [12][13] - Aghion's research also delves into the micro-mechanisms and institutional factors behind innovation, including the impact of ownership structures and financing environments [13]