每经编辑｜何小桃 2025年12月3日，蓝箭航天朱雀三号遥一运载火箭发射升空，完成入轨飞行试验，火箭关键动作均按计划完成，卫星入轨任务圆满成功，但根据飞行测量 数据，火箭一子级在着陆段点火后出现异常，未实现在回收场坪的软着陆。 从2006年猎鹰1号首飞爆炸，到2015年猎鹰9号实现首次回收，SpaceX用近十年时间走完了从失败到突破的历程。亚马逊创始人贝索斯旗下的蓝色起源， 从创立到首次成功实现火箭的发射与回收，也用了约15年时间。 作为蓝箭航天面向大型星座组网任务研制的火箭，朱雀三号定位明确——大运力、低成本、可重复使用的液氧甲烷运载火箭。其核心看点十足：采用自主 研发的天鹊系列发动机，九机并联动力系统实现国内首次集成应用，不锈钢箭体结构使贮箱制造成本大幅降低、生产周期大幅缩短等。 这款起飞质量超560吨的火箭，承载着业界对我国商业航天突破回收技术的期待，更凝聚着公众对"中国版猎鹰9号"的向往。尽管回收试验失败，但这只是 探索路上可预期的结果，甚至是必经之路。作为当前航天事业技术壁垒最高的领域，可回收火箭的研发和应用没有捷径可走，唯有具备耐心、勤奋和敢于 不断试错的勇气，最终才能成功穿梭于天地之间。 图片来 ...

Core Insights - Tianbing Technology successfully conducted a test of the Tianlong-3 large liquid launch vehicle's first-stage propulsion system, setting a new domestic record for thrust in commercial aerospace liquid rocket engines [1][3] - The Tianlong-3 rocket is expected to complete its maiden flight by the end of this year and aims for over 30 launches annually, marking a significant step towards regular commercial launches [3][8] Group 1: Technical Achievements - The Tianlong-3 is China's first commercial rocket capable of carrying over 20 tons to low Earth orbit, with a total length of 72 meters and a launch weight of approximately 600 tons [4][8] - The rocket's first stage features nine Tianhuo-12 engines, with a payload capacity of 17-22 tons for low Earth orbit and 10-17 tons for sun-synchronous orbit, comparable to SpaceX's Falcon 9 [4][8] - The recent test covered the entire launch process, validating multiple new technologies, including a liquid nitrogen heating and pressurization system that reduces system weight by over 50% and costs to one-tenth of previous designs [6][9] Group 2: Industry Impact - The successful test reinforces the effectiveness of China's aerospace zeroing mechanism, leading to 127 reliability improvements and a more rigorous ground verification system [7] - The Tianlong-3's capabilities are expected to transform the competitive landscape of China's commercial aerospace industry, shifting from small-scale, customized satellite launches to large-scale, standardized constellation deployments [8][9] - The rocket's design emphasizes high reliability and low cost, utilizing 3D printing for 90% of engine components, significantly reducing production time and costs [9][10] Group 3: Future Developments - Tianbing Technology is establishing dedicated launch facilities to support high-frequency launches, with plans for a second specialized launch site [3][10] - The company has developed a comprehensive aerospace manufacturing system, capable of producing 30 Tianlong-3 rockets and 20 Tianlong-2 rockets annually, enhancing its competitive advantage in the market [10]