当前，国际经贸格局处于深度变革之中，国际贸易体系正在重构，我国开展对外贸易和投资活动面 临新形势、新挑战、新课题。2025年中央经济工作会议提出，"推进贸易投资一体化、内外贸一体化发 展"。这既是立足当前国内国际形势、审时度势的战略谋划，也是促进我国开放型经济高质量发展的必 然选择。贸易投资一体化，要求发挥好进出口贸易和对外投资的协同效应，引导产业链供应链合理有序 跨境布局，在全球范围内优化资源配置、构筑综合竞争优势。增强贸易和投资融合互促，对我国加快建 设贸易强国、推动实现从"投资大国"向"投资强国"转变具有重要意义。 把握演进逻辑和发展趋势 从全球分工的发展逻辑看，国际上对贸易和投资关系的认识经历了从相互替代到相互促进、互补共 生的深刻演进。早期国际分工理论认为贸易和投资是相互替代的关系。1957年罗伯特·蒙代尔提出贸易 投资替代模型。之后，产品生命周期理论从动态视角进一步论证，随着技术创新国的技术成熟和标准 化，生产会通过直接投资逐渐转移到成本更低的国家，最终产品可能反向出口回技术创新国。20世纪80 年代以后的研究更全面地论证了贸易与投资的互补共生关系。其中，一种是垂直型互补，即跨国公司通 过对外直接 ...

Group 1 - The core principle of international division of labor benefits all countries, enhancing productivity through global supply chains [1] - The main issue lies in the equitable distribution of the benefits brought by globalization, both between countries and within domestic groups [3] - The U.S. should focus on upgrading infrastructure and improving benefit distribution to ensure that ordinary workers and blue-collar groups gain more from global supply chains [3] Group 2 - China has maintained a long-term surplus in its current and trade accounts, which was necessary in the past for foreign exchange reserves, but should now aim for balance by relying more on domestic demand [3] - The trade surplus as a percentage of China's GDP has decreased from over 10%-11% in 2006-2007 to around 2%-3% currently, indicating significant progress [3] - Progress has been made in promoting the use of the renminbi for cross-border settlements, but achieving its status as an international reserve currency remains a long-term goal with limited advancements [4]