Core Viewpoint - The recent fluctuations in the S&P 500 index have brought China's upgraded rare earth control measures back into the global spotlight, highlighting the strategic importance of rare earths in international trade and geopolitical dynamics [2] Control Upgrade - The most notable breakthrough in rare earth control is the implementation of the "extraterritorial jurisdiction" mechanism, requiring any product containing 0.1% or more of Chinese-origin rare earths to obtain Chinese export permission, regardless of the company's location [4] - This regulation is based on China's dominant position in the rare earth industry, controlling 70% of global extraction, 90% of separation processing, and 93% of magnet manufacturing, making it difficult for other countries to operate independently of Chinese technology [4][6] - The newly enacted "Rare Earth Management Regulations" categorize rare earths as strategic resources, implementing an export approval system that requires detailed reporting of end-users and purposes [4] Precision Strategy - The control measures have led to a "protect civilian use, block military use" strategy, allowing short-term licenses for civilian needs while rejecting all military-related applications [6] - Reports indicate that the U.S. military supply chain is already feeling the pressure from shortages of rare earth magnets, which are critical for defense technologies like the F-35 fighter jet [8] Strategic Value - Rare earths are essential for modern industries, including electronics and defense, serving as a critical component in various technologies [10][11] - The demand for rare earths is surging due to the acceleration of the energy transition and advancements in industries such as robotics and wind power [13] U.S. Dilemma - Following China's control measures, the U.S. has threatened to impose high tariffs, revealing its reliance on Chinese processing technology despite having its own rare earth resources [15] - The U.S. is attempting to build alternative supply chains by partnering with third-party resource countries, but challenges remain, particularly with Brazil's Serra Verde mine, which has long-term contracts with Chinese companies [17] Supply Chain Challenges - The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that achieving rare earth self-sufficiency could take at least 10 years and would be 3-5 times more expensive than sourcing from China [19] - China's control measures are seen as a legitimate defense against unilateral protectionism, redefining the rules of engagement in the global supply chain [19] Dialogue Opportunities - Despite the tensions, both China and the U.S. have left room for dialogue, with provisions in the control measures allowing for emergency medical and disaster relief needs [21] - The rare earth competition reflects a broader adjustment in global supply chain rules, with China leveraging its industrial advantages to establish a more equitable framework [21][23]

«——【·前言·】——» 中国扔下"稀土核弹"，向全世界发起稀土管辖。10月9日，中国商务部在一天之内密集发布6则公告，其 中第61号和第62号公告尤为引人注目。 它们不仅延续了此前对稀土金属及制品的出口限制，更首次将管制范围延伸至稀土全产业链技术及其境 外衍生品。 «——【·中方稀土管控·】——» 10月9日这一天，注定要被刻进全球稀土产业的发展史。中国商务部用一天时间密集抛出6则公告，瞬间 搅动了国际市场的神经。其中第61号与62号公告的分量尤其惊人。它们没止步于延续过往稀土金属及制 品的出口限制，直接把管控的触角伸到了稀土全产业链技术，连境外衍生品都没放过。 现在的玩法完全不同，变成了对"产业生态与核心能力"的精准拿捏。商务部新闻发言人明确表示，此举 是为了防范境外组织非法获取技术用于军事领域，既是维护国家安全，也是履行防扩散国际义务。 这记"核弹"级举措，标志着中国稀土管制彻底完成了质的飞跃。过去的管控还停留在"资源防御"的初级 阶段，核心是守住稀土原矿不流失。 全球稀土产业的格局早就注定了这步棋的威力。数据显示中国2023年稀土矿产量达24万吨，占全球 68.6%的份额。更关键的是，中国是全球唯一具 ...

Core Points - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce has implemented export controls on certain rare earth items and related technologies to safeguard national security and interests, distinguishing these measures from the misuse of export controls by certain countries [1][3] Group 1: Export Control Measures - The announcements No. 61 and 62 of 2025 extend export controls on specific rare earth items manufactured abroad, building on previous measures to prevent circumvention by third countries [3] - The scope of controlled items includes 13 specific rare earth metals or alloys, as well as technologies related to rare earth mining, which are classified as "specific dual-use items" originating from China [3][5] - The Ministry of Commerce emphasizes a cautious and restrained approach to exercising extraterritorial jurisdiction, aiming to avoid disruption of international supply chains while minimizing compliance burdens for businesses [2][3] Group 2: Comparison with International Practices - The export control regulations in China are characterized by specificity and are only activated upon request from the Ministry of Commerce, contrasting with the broader and more automatic nature of U.S. regulations [2][4] - The U.S. export control framework includes concepts like "de minimis" and "foreign direct product rules," which are more expansive and can create significant compliance challenges for companies [2][4] - Other countries, such as Japan and South Korea, have also implemented stringent export controls on technology, reflecting a global trend towards enhancing export control measures [4][5] Group 3: Technical Export Controls - The recent measures signify a shift in China's approach to dual-use technology export controls, marking the beginning of practical enforcement of "deemed exports" [5][6] - The Ministry of Commerce has introduced detailed templates for license applications, indicating a more refined process for reviewing technology exports [6] - Current requirements for technology export controls are specifically focused on rare earth-related technologies, with potential for future expansion to other technology sectors as conditions evolve [6]