鲍曼表示："稳定币正有望成为金融体系中的一部分，这既带来机遇，也可能对传统支付体系造成冲 击。" 美联储负责银行监管的副主席鲍曼公开表示，监管机构需要在新兴技术问题上进行根本性转变，更积极 地将加密货币、区块链及人工智能纳入传统银行体系。 在监管方式上，她提出更为精细化的思路，包括根据银行规模和复杂度调整监管要求。"如果规则过于 繁琐和限制性过强，即便它们是透明和清晰的，也无法真正发挥作用。"她补充说。 鲍曼在周二下午举行的怀俄明州区块链研讨会上指出，监管者应摆脱"过于谨慎的心态"，主动与金融机 构合作，适应技术变革。她的言论被视为美联储在金融创新领域态度上的重大转变。 今年夏季，美联储宣布在银行检查中将不再纳入"声誉风险"指标。与此同时，总统特朗普本月签署行政 命令，要求银行监管机构从相关指引、手册和文件中彻底删除"声誉风险"的使用。 "尽管过去我们行动迟缓，变化已不可避免。"鲍曼称，"我们必须决定，是选择拥抱变化并帮助建立一 个可靠、持久、既能确保安全稳健、又能兼顾效率与速度的框架，还是固步自封，让新技术彻底绕过传 统银行体系。" 值得注意的是，鲍曼的名字已被外界多次提及，作为现任美联储主席鲍威尔任期于2 ...

Group 1: Retirement Savings Investment - The first executive order signed by President Trump aims to allow ordinary Americans to invest their retirement savings in private market assets, including private equity, cryptocurrencies, and private real estate, opening new opportunities for Wall Street investment firms [1][2] - This initiative provides hedge funds and private equity firms with access to a significant pool of funds similar to 401(k) retirement plans, which they have long sought [2] - However, investing in private markets typically involves higher fees and lower liquidity, raising uncertainty about employers' willingness to include private market options in 401(k) plans [2][3] - Concerns have been raised regarding potential lawsuits and regulatory pressures on asset management firms if these new investments fail to deliver expected returns [2] Group 2: Banking and "De-Banking" Focus - The second executive order focuses on the issue of "de-banking," particularly concerning large banks like JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America, which have been accused of excluding certain clients based on "reputation risk" [1][4] - The order aims to investigate whether banks are discriminating against clients for political or religious reasons and to impose disciplinary actions on those found guilty [4] - The directive also instructs regulatory agencies to cease using "reputation risk" as a justification for client exclusion, especially in politically motivated decisions [4] - Some Republican figures have pointed out that banks often use vague legal risks or internal rules to justify their political decisions [4]

Core Points - Trump accuses JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America of ideological discrimination, claiming that the banking industry is biased against him [1] - Trump is seeking help from smaller banks due to the alleged discrimination from larger banks [1] - A proposed executive order will require banks to review the reasons for closing customer accounts within 120 days, with regulatory agencies conducting their own reviews [2] Group 1: Allegations and Responses - Trump claims that JPMorgan Chase demanded he close long-held accounts within 20 days and that Bank of America rejected a deposit request exceeding $1 billion [1] - Both JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America deny closing accounts for ideological reasons, with JPMorgan's spokesperson stating that they support regulatory reform [3] - Bank of America’s CEO agrees with Trump on the need to reassess existing laws and regulations, suggesting that better decisions could be made retrospectively [4] Group 2: Regulatory Environment - The Bank Policy Institute emphasizes the need for revised regulations, pointing out issues of overregulation and discretionary power among regulators [5] - The proposed executive order aims to address concerns over banks terminating customer relationships due to reputational risks [7] - The Federal banking regulators plan to eliminate "reputational risk" as a consideration in bank reviews to prevent forced terminations of customer relationships [7] Group 3: Industry Practices - Conservative groups have long criticized major financial institutions for their "de-banking" practices against certain industries, such as gun manufacturers and fossil fuel companies [6] - Following the 2018 Florida school shooting, Bank of America and Citigroup implemented restrictions on lending to companies selling firearms, although Citigroup recently lifted its restrictions [7]

Group 1 - Major banks in the U.S. are facing dual pressure from Republican state governments and the Trump administration, which accuse them of discriminating against industries like gun manufacturing and fossil fuels [1][2] - The Trump administration is considering an executive order on "debanking," which could shift federal power towards the banking sector and threaten banks' relationships with the federal government, including core operations like Treasury sales [1][3][4] - Conservative states have blacklisted certain banks, prohibiting them from participating in state contracts, claiming that banks are making business decisions based on political motives rather than traditional risk assessments [2][3] Group 2 - Banks argue that their business decisions are based on financial, legal, and reputational risks, and they have been meeting with state officials to counter accusations of political discrimination [2][3] - Major banks like Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and Wells Fargo are reconsidering restrictions on coal industry partnerships, with Bank of America lifting its ban on coal companies by the end of 2023 [3] - The Trump administration's involvement has made "bank discrimination" a new focal point, with accusations from conservative groups that banks are refusing services based on political affiliations [3][4] Group 3 - The regulatory environment is shifting, with Republican lawmakers proposing legislation to prevent regulators from considering reputational risk factors in their assessments [5] - Increased meetings between large banks and Republican state governments indicate a growing concern over the political implications of banking decisions [5][6] - Officials like Oklahoma's State Treasurer Todd Russ emphasize the need for banks to act impartially without political or ideological influences in their financial decisions [6]

特朗普政府时期提出的"去银行化"争议再度被提及，该术语特指金融机构单方面终止特定客户服务的做 法，但消费者权益团体认为相关问题的严重性存在夸大成分。曾在美联储及拜登政府财政部任职的格雷 厄姆·斯蒂尔分析指出："声誉风险过去仅作为监管考量因素之一存在，实践中极少成为要求银行整改的 唯一依据。" 监管改革动向已引发连锁反应：美国联邦存款保险公司FDIC代理主席特拉维斯·希尔三月致函国会议员 时明确表示，该机构计划将声誉风险从监管体系中"彻底移除";美国货币监理署OCC亦于年初宣布从审 查手册中删除相关表述。这场由三大金融监管机构共同推进的规则调整，标志着美国银行业监管框架正 在经历重要转向。 美联储于本周一宣布，将正式停止在银行审查中纳入声誉风险评估，此前银行业团体与共和党议员曾多 次批评这一机制存在不公平性。该机构表示，已着手修订监管文件中的相关表述，未来将以更具体的金 融风险分析替代原有框架，但强调此举不会削弱对银行风险管理的严格要求，各机构仍需维持稳健运营 以保障金融安全。 这一政策转向与美联储主席鲍威尔今年二月的承诺形成呼应。当时鲍威尔曾表态将删除监管文件中允许 官员追踪所监管银行"争议性言论或活动"的条 ...

美联储宣布其监管机构在审查银行时将不再考虑"声誉风险"。 ...