据新华社，美国白宫4日深夜发布美国国家安全战略报告。 据参考消息援引法新社报道，这份报告标志着美国长期倡导的"重返亚洲"战略出现重大转向。 报告认为，冷战结束后美国所追求的"永久主导世界"，是"从根本上来说不可取且不可能实现的目标"，损害美国中产阶级和工业基础。今后，美国国家安 全战略旨在保护经过优先级排序的有限"核心国家利益"，而非面面俱到。 美国总统通常在每个任期首年年底发布国家安全战略报告。报告没有法律约束力，但对美国联邦政府预算分配和政策优先事项制定具有一定影响。 美防长：特朗普政府将 "理所当然地优先考虑国土和西半球" 据新华社，美国国防部长赫格塞思6日在加利福尼亚州发表讲话表示，特朗普政府将"把国家实际利益放在首位"，强调美国本土和西半球是国家安全优先 事项。 赫格塞思当天在一年一度的里根国防论坛上发表讲话，表示支持白宫4日晚发布的新国家安全战略。他表示，美国应"抛弃理想主义的乌托邦思想，拥抱务 实的现实主义"，而不应"被民主建设、干涉主义、不明战争、政权更迭、气候变化、觉醒式的道德说教和不负责任的国家建设分散注意力"，"我们将把国 家实际利益放在首位"。 赫格塞思说，特朗普政府将"理所当然地优先 ...

Core Points - The new U.S. National Security Strategy marks a significant shift from the long-standing "pivot to Asia" approach, emphasizing a focus on limited "core national interests" rather than global dominance [2] - The strategy indicates a prioritization of U.S. homeland and the Western Hemisphere, reflecting a return to "Monroe Doctrine" principles [5][6] - The report highlights a critical stance towards Europe, suggesting a decline in its global economic influence and calling for increased U.S. intervention in European internal affairs [11][12] Summary by Sections U.S. National Security Strategy - The report states that the pursuit of "permanent global dominance" is fundamentally unattainable and detrimental to the U.S. middle class and industrial base [2] - It aims to protect prioritized national interests rather than attempting to address all global issues [2] Focus on the Western Hemisphere - U.S. Defense Secretary emphasizes prioritizing national interests, particularly in the homeland and the Western Hemisphere, and calls for increased military presence in Latin America [3][4] - The strategy is seen as a revival of "Monroe Doctrine," which historically aimed at U.S. dominance in the Americas [5][6] Critique of European Relations - The report expresses an unprecedented confrontational stance towards Europe, noting a decline in its share of global GDP from 25% in 1990 to 14% today [11] - It raises concerns about the potential for non-European populations to become a majority in some NATO countries, questioning the future of U.S.-European alliances [11] - The strategy criticizes European governments for their handling of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, suggesting they have undermined democratic processes [11][12] Implications for Defense and Military Strategy - The U.S. plans to invest heavily in defense industrial capabilities, including ships, drones, and air defense systems [4] - The strategy indicates a shift towards a more militarized approach to issues in Latin America, framing them as national security concerns [6][9]

Core Viewpoint - The new National Security Strategy under the Trump administration marks a significant shift from pursuing global hegemony to prioritizing U.S. interests, particularly in Latin America, while criticizing European allies for their declining economic influence and potential demographic changes [2][6][11]. Summary by Sections U.S. Foreign Policy Shift - The document emphasizes "America First" as the guiding principle, abandoning the decades-long pursuit of global dominance, which is deemed destined to fail [6][7]. - It states that the era of the U.S. supporting the global order is over, and the focus will be on preventing other major powers from gaining dominance without extensive military engagement [6][7]. Focus on Latin America - The strategy aims to restore U.S. hegemony in the Western Hemisphere, addressing issues like immigration and drug trafficking, and reasserting the Monroe Doctrine [7][9]. - The U.S. will adjust its military presence globally, withdrawing from regions deemed less critical to national security, while increasing the Coast Guard and Navy's deployment in the Western Hemisphere [7][9]. Critique of Europe - The strategy presents an unprecedented confrontational stance towards Europe, highlighting a decline in Europe's share of global GDP from 25% in 1990 to 14% today, and warns of a potential "civilizational extinction" [11][12]. - It raises concerns about the demographic shifts in NATO countries and questions the future of U.S.-European alliances [11][12]. Response to Ukraine Conflict - The document states that the U.S. core interest is to quickly end hostilities in Ukraine and rebuild strategic stability with Russia, while criticizing European officials for obstructing U.S. efforts to resolve the conflict [12][12]. Military and Economic Strategy - The strategy calls for increased R&D investment to maintain U.S. superiority in advanced military technologies, focusing on areas like underwater, space, nuclear technology, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing [14][15]. - It indicates a shift in U.S.-China relations towards a more reciprocal economic relationship, while deemphasizing the Middle East in U.S. foreign policy priorities due to the U.S. becoming an energy net exporter [15][15]. Comparison with Previous Strategies - The new strategy represents a significant departure from the Biden administration's 2022 National Security Strategy, which focused on strategic competition with China and Russia, domestic industrial policy, and climate change as a national security challenge [17][17].

美国白宫于当地时间4日晚发布特朗普政府的新版《国家安全战略》。这份文件共33页，阐述本届美国政府对其外交政策的调整。 根据这份文件，本届美国政府将放弃此前追求全球霸权的理念，转而加强在拉丁美洲的主导地位。文件还猛烈抨击欧洲盟友，警告欧洲面临"文明消亡"的 风险，要继续做美国的可靠盟友就必须改弦更张。 对于该份新国家安全战略，有分析认为，该战略将拉丁美洲提升至美国议程的首位，这与美国长期呼吁的将重点放在亚洲的做法，截然不同。据参考消息 援引法新社报道，这份旨在阐述特朗普打破常规的"美国优先"世界观的国家安全文件，标志着美国长期倡导的"重返亚洲"战略出现重大转向。 放弃全球霸权 全力贯彻"美国优先" 《国家安全战略》是历届美国政府都会发布的重要文件，将阐述其总体战略重点，内容涵盖经济领域、对盟友与对手的应对以及军事态势等各个方面。因 此，特朗普第二任期的这份文件备受外界关注。 美国白宫网站于当地时间12月4日晚上线本届政府的《美国国家安全战略》 图片来源：央视新闻 文件在开头就直言不讳地表示，特朗普政府所做的每一件事，都在将"美国优先"奉为圭臬。 文件称，本届美国政府放弃数十年来追求全球霸权的理念，称其"注定失败 ...