（来源：光明日报） 转自：光明日报 《何以经世：儒家治道及其现代意义》 方朝晖 著 商务印书馆 为了建立新的解释框架，作者引入了文化心理学这一核心工具。他认为，在文明的表层制度背后， 存在着一种如"河床底部岩石"般稳定的"集体无意识"。它内化于语言习俗，规定着共同体的思维与情 感。作者将其中最稳固的成分提炼为三大"文化预设"：其一，此世取向。与追求"彼岸救赎"或"轮回解 脱"的文明不同，中华文明将感官所及的现世视为唯一且终极的真实。这一预设决定了中国思想注重"务 为治者"，致力于在此世内部寻求秩序与安顿；其二，关系本位。与西方原子式的自主"个人"不同，中 国人是在亲疏远近的关系网络中定义自我、寻求安全感的。个体的意义嵌入在与他人、家庭乃至天地的 相互依赖中，人伦秩序的和谐因此成为衡量社会治乱的根本标准；其三，团体主义。作为关系本位的延 伸，个人倾向于在更大的集体（家族、国家）中寻求身份认同和庇护。这种心理需求构成了中国历史上 对"大一统"政治格局持久向往的深层动因。作者认为，儒家之所以能脱颖而出，正在于它最深刻地体察 并回应了这三大预设，提出了一套契合中国文化心理的社会整合方案。 通过借鉴马克斯·韦伯的"理想 ...

Core Viewpoint - The "Three Governance Integration" system under the leadership of the Party is essential for grassroots governance, combining self-governance, rule of law, and moral governance to address the evolving social contradictions and modernize the national governance system [1][6][7]. Historical Context of "Three Governance Integration" - The concepts of self-governance, rule of law, and moral governance have historically played significant roles in Chinese social governance, with their integration facing challenges due to the tension between official and unofficial governance [2][3]. - The historical roots of these governance ideas can be traced back to ancient Chinese philosophies, which emphasized the importance of self-governance, legal governance, and moral governance [2][3]. Development of the "Three Governance Integration" System - Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, self-governance, rule of law, and moral governance have continued to play crucial roles in grassroots governance, with significant legal frameworks established to support these systems [3][4]. - The integration of these governance methods is seen as a response to the changing social landscape and the need for a more effective governance model that addresses the complexities of modern society [6][7]. Theoretical Implications of "Three Governance Integration" - The integration emphasizes the complementary strengths of self-governance, rule of law, and moral governance, aiming to create a more effective grassroots governance framework [7][8]. - The Party's leadership is crucial in guiding this integration, ensuring that governance is responsive to community needs while maintaining order and promoting moral values [8][12]. Practical Innovations in "Three Governance Integration" - Various local practices have emerged, such as the "One Agreement, Two Meetings, Three Groups" model and the village contract management model, showcasing the adaptability and effectiveness of the "Three Governance Integration" approach [15][16]. - The establishment of community discussion halls has also been a significant innovation, enhancing residents' participation in governance and decision-making processes [16]. Challenges and Conditions for Implementation - Despite the progress, challenges remain, including limited depth and breadth of self-governance, insufficient legal governance capabilities, and declining moral constraints within communities [18][19]. - The successful implementation of the "Three Governance Integration" system requires a robust framework that encourages public participation, strengthens legal governance, and revitalizes moral education [20][21].