【环球时报报道 记者 倪浩】在酝酿了一年半之后，美国针对中国船舶的"301条款"措施即将于下周落 地。美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）3日正式发布CSMS #66427144号公告，确定自10月14日起，对进入 美国港口的中国拥有、运营或建造的船舶，以及所有外国建造的汽车运输船征收额外费用。此举引发行 业震动。但业内人士分析认为，美国这项单边主义措施，不但短期内无法帮助美国恢复造船业，而且还 会扰乱全球航运秩序，其成本最终将由企业与消费者承担。 "301 条款 " 措施进入落地阶段 中国船东协会专家9日表示，美国制裁将引发连锁反应，全球航运企业因船队含中国造船舶面临额外支 出，"连坐式处罚"推高成本，未来美国港口拥堵风险还将传导至全球。专家还认为，美国征收港口费必 将显著推高中美海运贸易成本，估计相当于增加4%的关税，导致美国通胀压力加剧，并迫使船公司为 规避成本增加而调整航线布局，从而引发美国大港拥堵小港废弃、供应链紊乱和基础设施更新延迟、农 产品和能源出口受阻、港口物流就业岗位流失等连锁负面效应。 专家：美国造船业 " 美梦难圆 " 中国船东协会专家9日回应称，美国对中国航运企业、中国造船舶征收歧视性港口费 ...

Group 1 - The US and South Korea have reached a "comprehensive" trade agreement, with the US imposing a 15% tariff on South Korean goods and securing $350 billion in investments from South Korea [1] - South Korea will invest $150 billion to assist its shipbuilding industry in entering the US market, leveraging its competitive advantages to help revitalize the US shipbuilding sector [1] - South Korea proposed a multi-billion dollar project named "Make American Shipbuilding Great Again," which involves significant investments and government support for its shipbuilding companies in the US [1] Group 2 - The share of new ship orders from South Korea is projected to rise to 25.1% by mid-2025, up from 15% last year, while China's share has decreased from 70% to 51.8% [1] - The overall impact of US port fees remains unclear, and future market trends will depend on fleet renewal and upgrade demands [2][3] - Hanwha Ocean, a leading South Korean shipbuilding company, acquired the Philadelphia shipyard, the only US shipyard operated by a South Korean firm, and ordered the first LNG transport ship for export in nearly 50 years [3]

Core Points - The Trump administration's ambitious plan to revitalize the U.S. shipping industry is facing significant setbacks, particularly with the disbanding of the National Security Council's (NSC) shipbuilding office [1][3] - The shipbuilding office was initially established to coordinate a major shipbuilding revival plan but has seen a drastic reduction in staff and effectiveness due to internal conflicts and budget cuts [3][4] - Concerns have been raised regarding the lack of key appointments in maritime leadership positions, which are crucial for implementing maritime executive orders [4][5] Industry Insights - The shipbuilding office was created to oversee the implementation of an executive order aimed at revitalizing the shipbuilding industry, which includes funding and incentives for maritime infrastructure [3][4] - The Jones Act, a significant piece of legislation, is seen as a barrier to expanding the commercial shipbuilding sector, as it mandates that maritime trade between U.S. ports must be conducted using U.S.-built vessels [5][6] - The inefficiencies in U.S. shipbuilding, including longer construction times compared to foreign shipyards, are attributed to the protective policies of the Jones Act, which have not improved U.S. competitiveness in the global market [6][7] Stakeholder Perspectives - Industry experts express concern that existing stakeholders, particularly those benefiting from the Jones Act, are resistant to changes that could devalue their current fleets [5][6] - The American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) has highlighted the limited capacity of U.S. shipyards to meet the demands of international trade, indicating a need for policy reevaluation [7]