如今，许多曾被视为纯理论的数学方向找到了实际应用场景。例如，微分几何被应用于计算机图形 学，数论被应用于密码学。"我看到了数学在人工智能等新兴领域变得日益重要。"孙理察在现场连线中 说。 "生命科学或医学奖"授予康奈尔大学分子生物学与遗传学系名誉教授斯科特·埃默尔和犹他大学生 物化学系特聘教授兼系主任韦斯·桑德奎斯特，以表彰他们在受体膜蛋白转运与降解细胞机制研究中的 突破性发现，该机制与病毒出芽、感染进程及艾滋病药物干预密切相关。该奖项遴选委员会主席兰迪· 谢克曼介绍，两位科学家成功破解了细胞膜蛋白在细胞内被捕获和降解这一长期悬而未决的难题，揭示 了艾滋病病毒如何利用这一过程在感染的细胞中制作获取包膜，并最终转化为具有全球健康影响力的实 际应用，堪称科学造福人类的典范。 记者 黄海华 沈思怡 昨天，2025世界顶尖科学家协会奖在临港揭晓。 "智能科学或数学奖"授予斯坦福大学名誉讲席教授孙理察，以表彰其在几何分析与微分几何领域的 开创性工作。该奖项遴选委员会主席迈克尔·I·乔丹介绍，孙理察解决了看似不可攻克的问题，创造了重 新定义几何分析框架的数学工具，并以其教学洞见与开创性方法激励了几代几何学家。 现场连线中 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the recent appointment of Chinese mathematician Wang Hong, known for solving the Kakeya conjecture, as a permanent professor at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES) in France, marking a significant achievement in her career and the mathematics community [1][2][10]. Group 1: Appointment Details - Wang Hong will officially join IHES on September 1, 2025, and will also hold a position as a mathematics professor at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [6]. - IHES currently has only seven permanent professors, with five being prominent mathematicians, including two Fields Medal winners [3][4]. Group 2: Academic Background - Wang Hong was born in 1991 in Guilin, Guangxi, and demonstrated exceptional academic ability from a young age, entering Peking University at 16 [15]. - She obtained her bachelor's degree in mathematics in 2011, followed by an engineering degree from École Polytechnique and a master's degree from Paris XI University in 2014, and completed her PhD at MIT in 2019 [16]. Group 3: Research Contributions - Wang Hong, along with UBC mathematics associate professor Joshua Zahl, solved the Kakeya conjecture, a long-standing problem in mathematics that has implications across various fields such as harmonic analysis and number theory [10][12]. - The Kakeya conjecture in three dimensions asserts that a set containing unit-length line segments in every direction must have Minkowski and Hausdorff dimensions equal to three [11]. Group 4: Community Reception - The announcement of Wang Hong's appointment was met with enthusiasm in the mathematics community, with notable figures expressing their support and anticipation for her contributions [7][9]. - Many believe her recent achievement could position her as a strong candidate for the Fields Medal [14].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent proof of the Kakeya conjecture in three-dimensional space by Chinese mathematician Wang Hong and Columbia University professor Joshua Zahl, which has generated significant interest and could position Wang as a strong candidate for the Fields Medal in 2026 [1][5][6]. Group 1: Kakeya Conjecture Overview - The Kakeya conjecture, proposed by Japanese mathematician Sōichi Kakeya in 1917, involves determining the minimum area that a needle can sweep when rotated in a confined space [8][9]. - The conjecture states that a Kakeya set in three-dimensional space must have both Minkowski and Hausdorff dimensions equal to three, indicating that these sets geometrically fill the space despite appearing sparse [10][11][12]. Group 2: Proof Details - Wang Hong and Joshua Zahl published a 127-page paper proving the three-dimensional Kakeya conjecture, employing complex strategies including non-concentration conditions and multi-scale analysis [3][20]. - Their proof involves defining a situation K(d) and demonstrating a relationship that allows for the induction of dimension parameters towards three [21][23]. - The authors utilized multi-scale analysis to study the organization of pipe-like structures, leading to insights about the density and overlap of these structures [24][25][28]. Group 3: Background on Wang Hong - Wang Hong, born in 1991, is a notable mathematician who could become the first Chinese woman to win the Fields Medal if awarded [7][34]. - She has an impressive academic background, having studied at prestigious institutions and focusing on Fourier transform-related problems [36][38].