Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the recent appointment of Chinese mathematician Wang Hong, known for solving the Kakeya conjecture, as a permanent professor at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES) in France, marking a significant achievement in her career and the mathematics community [1][2][10]. Group 1: Appointment Details - Wang Hong will officially join IHES on September 1, 2025, and will also hold a position as a mathematics professor at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [6]. - IHES currently has only seven permanent professors, with five being prominent mathematicians, including two Fields Medal winners [3][4]. Group 2: Academic Background - Wang Hong was born in 1991 in Guilin, Guangxi, and demonstrated exceptional academic ability from a young age, entering Peking University at 16 [15]. - She obtained her bachelor's degree in mathematics in 2011, followed by an engineering degree from École Polytechnique and a master's degree from Paris XI University in 2014, and completed her PhD at MIT in 2019 [16]. Group 3: Research Contributions - Wang Hong, along with UBC mathematics associate professor Joshua Zahl, solved the Kakeya conjecture, a long-standing problem in mathematics that has implications across various fields such as harmonic analysis and number theory [10][12]. - The Kakeya conjecture in three dimensions asserts that a set containing unit-length line segments in every direction must have Minkowski and Hausdorff dimensions equal to three [11]. Group 4: Community Reception - The announcement of Wang Hong's appointment was met with enthusiasm in the mathematics community, with notable figures expressing their support and anticipation for her contributions [7][9]. - Many believe her recent achievement could position her as a strong candidate for the Fields Medal [14].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent proof of the Kakeya conjecture in three-dimensional space by Chinese mathematician Wang Hong and Columbia University professor Joshua Zahl, which has generated significant interest and could position Wang as a strong candidate for the Fields Medal in 2026 [1][5][6]. Group 1: Kakeya Conjecture Overview - The Kakeya conjecture, proposed by Japanese mathematician Sōichi Kakeya in 1917, involves determining the minimum area that a needle can sweep when rotated in a confined space [8][9]. - The conjecture states that a Kakeya set in three-dimensional space must have both Minkowski and Hausdorff dimensions equal to three, indicating that these sets geometrically fill the space despite appearing sparse [10][11][12]. Group 2: Proof Details - Wang Hong and Joshua Zahl published a 127-page paper proving the three-dimensional Kakeya conjecture, employing complex strategies including non-concentration conditions and multi-scale analysis [3][20]. - Their proof involves defining a situation K(d) and demonstrating a relationship that allows for the induction of dimension parameters towards three [21][23]. - The authors utilized multi-scale analysis to study the organization of pipe-like structures, leading to insights about the density and overlap of these structures [24][25][28]. Group 3: Background on Wang Hong - Wang Hong, born in 1991, is a notable mathematician who could become the first Chinese woman to win the Fields Medal if awarded [7][34]. - She has an impressive academic background, having studied at prestigious institutions and focusing on Fourier transform-related problems [36][38].

这是绿洲资本合伙人张津剑有关《信号与噪声》系列的第五篇内容，也是我们播客自开播以来分享量最高的一期内容。 在张 津剑看来，每一次科技革命本质上都是一次频率的跃迁，而 AI 会把这个世界的频率再拉高一个量级，世界会进入一个困难模式，或者像很多人感受到 的，它似乎已经进入了困难模式。 在这篇文章里，张津剑从信号学的角度系统地拆解了这个问题，并给出了他的解法 。 如果是说 5 年是一个周期，从 2018 年末分享《 投资中的信号与噪声 》到现在，刚好是一个周期。这个周期中，我们一方面正在经历人工智能带来的确定性 创新，同样也在经历全球动荡带来的不确定性变化。过去这 5 年，大家可能会有几个类似的感受。 第一，世界变难了。 过去喜欢玩魔兽争霸，里面有三个选择：简单电脑、困难电脑、疯狂电脑。这几年，不知道是谁把世界从困难电脑调整为了疯狂电脑。在这一轮人工智能创业潮 中，我们能明显感觉到创业在变难。 首先是创业者的质量，这波创业者素质比过往要强很多，特别是很多 95 年左右的年轻创业者，无论是他们的学识、能力，还是底层的安全感和对全球化的信心， 都比 10 年初遇见的创业者高出很多，这可能是他们的成长环境塑造的，要从这批 ...