党的二十届四中全会提出，"十五五"时期经济社会 发展要遵循六大原则,其中之一便是坚持有效市场和 有为政府相结合。关于"有效市场"的含义，经济学 界意见相对统一，即让市场在资源配置中发挥决定性 作用。然而，对于"有为政府"的内涵、功能边界及 其作用机制与方式,学界仍存在分歧;在社会主义市 场经济体制下有效市场与有为政府应该相结合,观点 比较一致,但对于有效市场与有为政府如何结合则观 点不尽相同。对此，我提出以下几点思考。 一、厘清政府作用的领域与机制 西方主流经济学在探讨政府与市场关系时，观点也不 尽相同。新古典经济学认为在充分竞争的市场条件 下,市场机制这只"看不见的手"能够自动实现资源 配置的"帕累托最优",政府只是"守夜人",其功能 是弥补市场缺陷、提供公共产品等。凯恩斯主义认 为，由于有效需求不足，市场不可能被自动出清，从 而需要政府作为宏观调控者实施总量需求管理政策干 预经济,以实现充分就业、物价稳定、经济增长等宏 观调控目标。我国的体制及国情决定了我们在界定政 府功能时不能照搬照抄西方主流经济学,应充分认识 到我国政府的角色更为复杂,至少可以从以下三个维 度进行梳理: 一是作为行政管理者行使职能。行 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of addressing issues that severely impact market order, such as corruption and improper law enforcement, to promote a fair and just business environment [1] Group 1: Supervision and Accountability - The article outlines a comprehensive supervision mechanism involving various stakeholders, including party organizations and government departments, to ensure accountability in optimizing the business environment [2] - A special supervision initiative called "Business Environment Clean Wind" is established to enhance collaboration among different supervisory bodies and improve the handling of complaints and suggestions [2] Group 2: Case Handling and Enforcement - The article stresses a "zero tolerance" approach towards actions that harm the business environment, with a focus on facilitating major project implementation and ensuring fair administrative practices [3] - It highlights the need for a negative list of actions that undermine the business environment, with targeted governance measures based on industry and specific issues [3] Group 3: Legal Framework and Governance - The article discusses the integration of various supervisory roles, including legislative and judicial oversight, to strengthen the rule of law in government operations [4] - It advocates for the establishment of clear guidelines for government interactions with businesses, aiming to create a transparent and accountable relationship [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the complexities and challenges in government-business relationships, particularly in the context of real estate development and the fulfillment of promises made by local governments to developers [1][2]. Group 1: Government and Business Relations - The local government initially promised to sell nearby land at lower prices to attract investment, but failed to deliver on this commitment, leading to disputes with developers [1]. - Effective communication and understanding between government and businesses are essential to avoid conflicts and ensure smooth cooperation [1][3]. - The article emphasizes the need for governments to honor their commitments and avoid making unrealistic promises, while also being transparent about challenges faced [3]. Group 2: Problem-Solving Approaches - Governments should thoroughly investigate issues, respect the contributions of businesses, and provide practical solutions that comply with current laws and policies [2]. - Initiatives like Ningxia's "Enterprise Relief and Support Special Action" aim to improve communication between government and businesses, helping to reduce operational burdens on enterprises [2]. - The article highlights the importance of creating a market-oriented, law-based, and international business environment to enhance the vitality of private enterprises [2]. Group 3: Recommendations for Future Actions - Governments are encouraged to adopt a proactive approach in addressing common issues and to ensure that policies are well-planned and effectively implemented [3]. - Businesses are advised to operate legally and focus on improving their internal capabilities to enhance competitiveness [3]. - The article calls for the establishment of a "clean" and "friendly" new type of government-business relationship that promotes collaboration while clearly defining roles [3].

Core Points - The establishment of a business environment monitoring point in the Jiangtan Economic and Technological Development Zone aims to address issues affecting enterprises and improve the overall business climate in the region [1][3][5] - The monitoring point has implemented a mechanism to collect and address complaints from enterprises, focusing on issues such as unreasonable fees and inefficient communication with government departments [2][4][6] Group 1: Monitoring Point Implementation - The first business environment monitoring point is set up in Jiangtan Economic and Technological Development Zone, which will serve as a platform for enterprises to report issues and receive support [3] - The monitoring point has published a supervision hotline for 115 enterprises in the zone and distributed over 200 copies of the "Business Environment Service Manual" [5] - The monitoring point has appointed 20 integrity supervisors to enhance oversight and ensure that enterprises can effectively communicate their concerns [5] Group 2: Addressing Enterprise Concerns - The monitoring point has successfully resolved 53 issues related to regulatory bottlenecks and improper fees, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving the business environment [5] - A case involving a gas company charging unreasonable fees was addressed through the monitoring point, resulting in a refund of over 20,000 yuan for a pharmaceutical glass company [5] - The monitoring point conducts regular meetings and feedback sessions with relevant departments to ensure that enterprise concerns are addressed promptly and effectively [6] Group 3: Future Plans and Oversight - The district's disciplinary inspection and supervision agency plans to expand the monitoring point's functions to include individual labor associations and private enterprise associations, extending oversight to all market participants [6] - The agency aims to enhance daily supervision and improve the conduct of party members and officials to further strengthen the business environment [6]