因为超范围经营，上海曾有多家餐饮店销售"拍黄瓜"等行为被监管部门处罚。"拍黄瓜"管住了，却 也"管死了"。数据显示，2023年在上海，有职业举报者以"无证拍黄瓜"为由向1372家餐饮店提出高额索 赔。 去年以来，从国家层面到上海市级层面，先后出台给"拍黄瓜"等简单食品制售行为优化许可的规定，减 轻了小型餐饮店的负担，激发了市场活力。 这项"微改革"，彰显了统筹好有效市场和有为政府关系的要求：既要注意"一放就乱"，也要防止"一管 就死"，该放给市场的就要放足、放到位，该政府管的事就要管好、管到位，形成既"放得活"又"管得 好"的经济秩序。 实践证明，政府行为越规范，市场作用就越有效。既"放得活"又"管得好"，要求政府必须有所为、有所 不为。有所为，就是要不断建设法治经济、信用经济，完善市场规则并带头遵守规则，着力矫正市场失 灵，规范竞争秩序，使全国统一大市场成为各类经营主体公平竞争的大舞台。有所不为，就是要尊重和 发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，防止对微观主体活动的不当干预，不搞地方保护主义和自我小循 环。 要把市场"管得好"，首先需管住"政府之手"，为其设立必要的制度规范。 出台施行民营经济促进法，新修订反 ...

第四，关于坚持全面深化改革。改革是推动我国经济社会发展的根本动力。新时代以来特别是"十四 五"时期经济社会发展实践充分证明，唯有全面深化改革，才能更好践行新发展理念，破解发展难题、 增强发展活力、厚植发展优势。"十五五"时期，破解高质量发展深层次矛盾问题的"解题之钥"在深化改 革，应对各种风险挑战的"治本之方"也在深化改革，必须把"十五五"规划实施同党的二十届三中全会关 于进一步全面深化改革部署落实统筹起来，聚焦制约高质量发展的体制机制障碍，推进深层次改革，扩 大高水平开放，着力完善社会主义市场经济体制、健全高水平对外开放体制机制，推动生产关系和生产 力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，持续增强发展动力和社会活力。 第五，关于坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合。处理好政府和市场关系，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决 定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，是发展社会主义市场经济必须解决好的重大课题。党的十八大以来，我 们坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，从广度和深度上推进市场化改革，减少政府对资源直接配置和对微 观经济活动直接干预，提高资源配置效率和公平性，推动现代市场体系加快形成，各类经营主体活力和 创造力不断激发 ...

现代化产业体系是中国式现代化的物质技术基础。党的二十届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民 经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》（以下简称《建议》），把"建设现代化产业体系，巩固壮 大实体经济根基"摆在战略任务第一条并作出重要部署，体现了党中央战略谋划的连续性和指导方针的 精准性。建设现代化产业体系，既需要政府科学引导、加强政策支持，也需要市场机制调节、企业等微 观主体不断创新。习近平总书记指出："要坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合，促进各种所有制经济优势 互补、共同发展。"《建议》明确的"十五五"时期经济社会发展必须遵循的重要原则，就包括"坚持有效 市场和有为政府相结合"。"十五五"时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期， 蹄疾步稳建设现代化产业体系、巩固壮大实体经济根基的任务更加艰巨。深入贯彻落实党的二十届四中 全会精神，必须推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合，充分发挥我国制度优越性，开创"十五五"时期现代 化产业体系建设新局面。 如何认识和处理政府和市场关系，是市场经济的核心问题，也是一个世界性难题。习近平总书记指 出："在市场作用和政府作用的问题上，要讲辩证法、两点论，'看不见的手'和'看 ...

现代化产业体系是中国式现代化的物质技术基础。党的二十届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民 经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》（以下简称《建议》），把"建设现代化产业体系，巩固壮 大实体经济根基"摆在战略任务第一条并作出重要部署，体现了党中央战略谋划的连续性和指导方针的 精准性。建设现代化产业体系，既需要政府科学引导、加强政策支持，也需要市场机制调节、企业等微 观主体不断创新。习近平总书记指出："要坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合，促进各种所有制经济优势 互补、共同发展。"《建议》明确的"十五五"时期经济社会发展必须遵循的重要原则，就包括"坚持有效 市场和有为政府相结合"。"十五五"时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期， 蹄疾步稳建设现代化产业体系、巩固壮大实体经济根基的任务更加艰巨。深入贯彻落实党的二十届四中 全会精神，必须推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合，充分发挥我国制度优越性，开创"十五五"时期现代 化产业体系建设新局面。 坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合是建设现代化产业体系的内在要求 如何认识和处理政府和市场关系，是市场经济的核心问题，也是一个世界性难题。习近平总书记指 出："在市场作用 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of effectively combining a market-driven economy with proactive government intervention to enhance the socialist market economy in China, as outlined in the 15th Five-Year Plan [2][4]. Group 1: Economic System Reform - The reform of the economic system is a key focus, aiming to enhance the advantages of the socialist market economy. The 20th Central Committee has prioritized the construction of a high-level socialist market economy system, addressing issues that hinder market competition and government function [5]. - There is a need to clarify the boundaries between government and market roles to maximize the advantages of the socialist market economy, thereby liberating and developing productive forces [5]. Group 2: High-Quality Development - High-quality development is identified as the primary task for building a modern socialist country. The 15th Five-Year Plan aims for qualitative improvements and reasonable quantitative growth, emphasizing the need for both market and government collaboration [6]. - The article outlines that innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing are essential components of the new development philosophy that must be fully integrated into economic and social development [6]. Group 3: Domestic Circulation and External Challenges - Strengthening domestic circulation is crucial to counteract external uncertainties and shocks. The article highlights the importance of leveraging both government and market forces to facilitate resource flow and efficient allocation within the domestic market [7]. - With a population of over 1.4 billion and a growing middle-income group, breaking down barriers to resource allocation can unleash significant development potential and enhance domestic economic stability [7]. Group 4: Market System Construction - The article stresses the need to build a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, which is essential for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing market vitality [9][10]. - It calls for the establishment of a nationwide unified market that promotes fair competition and reduces transaction costs, thereby fostering a conducive environment for technological innovation and enterprise development [10]. Group 5: Fair Competition and Legal Framework - Fair competition is highlighted as a fundamental principle of the market economy, with ongoing efforts to strengthen competition policies and eliminate barriers to market entry [11]. - The establishment of a legal economy and credit economy is essential, with a focus on creating a unified social credit system that enhances trust and accountability among market participants [12]. Group 6: Business Environment Optimization - The article advocates for the continuous improvement of the business environment to stimulate market vitality and internal development momentum, aligning with international standards [13]. - It emphasizes the need for a transparent and efficient market access system, as well as the protection of foreign investment rights to encourage more foreign enterprises to invest in China [13]. Group 7: Government Role and Efficiency - The government is tasked with balancing market vitality and order, ensuring effective macroeconomic governance and regulatory oversight [15][16]. - Enhancing government service levels is crucial for creating a service-oriented government that meets the needs of citizens and businesses, thereby improving overall satisfaction and efficiency [18].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of effectively combining a market-driven economy with proactive government intervention to enhance the socialist market economy in China, as outlined in the 15th Five-Year Plan [1][2]. Group 1: Significance of Combining Market and Government - The understanding of the relationship between government and market has deepened over 40 years of reform and opening up, with a focus on utilizing both the "invisible hand" of the market and the "visible hand" of the government [2][3]. - The 15th Five-Year period is crucial for achieving socialist modernization, making the combination of an effective market and a proactive government essential for maintaining stable economic and social development [2][3]. Group 2: Economic System Reform - Deepening economic system reform is a key requirement for leveraging the advantages of the socialist market economy, necessitating a clearer delineation of government and market roles to enhance productivity and social vitality [3][4]. - The need for market-oriented reforms is highlighted, addressing existing barriers to competition and government inefficiencies [3][4]. Group 3: High-Quality Development - High-quality development is the primary task during the 15th Five-Year period, requiring a comprehensive implementation of new development concepts to ensure effective qualitative and quantitative economic growth [4][5]. - The synergy between market forces and government actions is crucial for achieving high-quality development, with the market driving innovation and the government ensuring a healthy operational environment [4][5]. Group 4: Domestic Circulation and External Challenges - Strengthening domestic circulation is essential to counterbalance external uncertainties, with a focus on maximizing the roles of both government and market in resource allocation [5][6]. - The article emphasizes the importance of leveraging China's large population and economic scale to enhance domestic demand and resource utilization [5][6]. Group 5: Market System Construction - The establishment of a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system is necessary for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing market vitality [6][7]. - The article outlines the need for a nationwide unified market that promotes fair competition and reduces barriers to entry [7][8]. Group 6: Fair Competition and Legal Framework - Ensuring fair competition is fundamental to market economics, with ongoing efforts to strengthen competition policies and eliminate monopolistic practices [8][9]. - The construction of a legal and credit-based economy is essential for guiding economic activities and enhancing the credibility of market participants [9][10]. Group 7: Government Regulation and Service Improvement - Effective government regulation is necessary to correct market failures and ensure compliance with competition standards [10][11]. - Improving government services is vital for fostering a conducive business environment, with a focus on efficiency and responsiveness to the needs of enterprises and citizens [11][12].

Group 1: National Unified Market Construction - The construction of a national unified market is a significant strategic decision made by the central government, emphasizing the need to eliminate barriers to market access and enhance market vitality [2][3] - Market regulatory authorities will focus on reforming registration capital systems and improving exit mechanisms for businesses to promote a more dynamic market environment [2] - Efforts will be made to address local government interventions that distort market mechanisms and to enhance fair competition through rigorous policy reviews [3] Group 2: Activating Business Entities - The vitality of business entities is crucial for economic development, and regulatory bodies will ensure equal treatment of various ownership economies to foster complementary advantages [4] - Regular evaluations of business development quality will be conducted to guide entities towards high-quality growth, alongside improvements in corporate governance and risk management [4][5] - Measures will be taken to reduce the burden on businesses by eliminating illegal fees and enhancing communication channels for addressing operational challenges [5][6] Group 3: Quality Improvement Initiatives - The government aims to enhance quality standards as a core element of industrial competitiveness, with a focus on quality-driven enterprise growth [7][8] - Initiatives will include supporting leading enterprises in quality innovation and establishing a collaborative ecosystem for quality management across industries [8] - Local governments will be encouraged to develop quality strategies tailored to their resources, promoting sustainable urban development through quality improvements [8]

新华社北京11月13日电 题：坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合 推动建设强大国内市场——访国家市 场监督管理总局党组书记、局长罗文 新华社记者赵文君 党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建 议》（以下简称《建议》）明确要求坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合，对建设强大国内市场作出明确部 署。 充分激发各类经营主体活力 问：市场监管部门作为各类经营主体最直接的服务者和守护者，"十五五"时期如何充分激发各类经 营主体活力？ 贯彻落实《建议》部署，如何理解和把握"十五五"时期纵深推进全国统一大市场建设？如何充分激 发各类经营主体活力？如何在推动高质量发展上作出更大贡献？新华社记者采访了国家市场监督管理总 局党组书记、局长罗文。 纵深推进全国统一大市场建设 问：如何理解和把握"十五五"时期纵深推进全国统一大市场建设？ 答：纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央从全局和战略高度作出的重大 决策部署。《建议》对"坚决破除阻碍全国统一大市场建设卡点堵点"作出重要部署。市场监管部门要深 刻把握纵深推进全国统一大市场建设的基本要求，准确把握未来5年建设全国统一大市场的主攻方 ...

坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合 推动建设强大国内市场 ——访国家市场监督管理总局党组书记、局长罗文 新华社记者赵文君 再如，针对部分领域出现的"内卷式"竞争问题，市场监管部门将围绕维护良性竞争市场秩序，加强反垄 断和反不正当竞争执法，坚决纠治利用市场优势地位挤压其他经营主体发展空间等行为，优化经营者集 中反垄断审查规则，更好引导和规范投资并购行为；加强对企业过度低价竞争的合规引导和监管规范， 深入治理假冒伪劣、虚假宣传、低价倾销、违法广告等突出问题，推动形成优质优价、良性竞争的良好 格局。 充分激发各类经营主体活力 党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》 （以下简称《建议》）明确要求坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合，对建设强大国内市场作出明确部署。 贯彻落实《建议》部署，如何理解和把握"十五五"时期纵深推进全国统一大市场建设？如何充分激发各 类经营主体活力？如何在推动高质量发展上作出更大贡献？新华社记者采访了国家市场监督管理总局党 组书记、局长罗文。 纵深推进全国统一大市场建设 问：如何理解和把握"十五五"时期纵深推进全国统一大市场建设？ 答：纵深推进全国统一大市场 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 20th Central Committee emphasizes the importance of combining an effective market with a proactive government to enhance economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1][2]. Group 1: Market and Government Relationship - The core issue in maintaining the direction of socialist market economy reform is to manage the relationship between government and market, ensuring that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation while the government effectively addresses market failures [2][4]. - The government should reduce direct intervention in microeconomic activities and allow the market to regulate economic activities where it can be effective, thereby maximizing resource allocation efficiency [3][4]. Group 2: Economic System and Governance - A unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system is essential for high-quality economic development, which requires the improvement of the socialist basic economic system [2][5]. - Effective macroeconomic governance and scientific regulation are necessary to leverage the advantages of the socialist market economy, necessitating a clear government governance system that adheres to the rule of law [4][5]. Group 3: Policy Implementation and Market Vitality - The Central Committee's recommendations for the 15th Five-Year Plan include measures to stimulate the vitality of various business entities and enhance the efficiency of macroeconomic governance [5]. - Continuous improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and the removal of barriers to market entry are crucial for promoting efficient resource allocation and unleashing development potential [3][5].