- The timing radar six-dimensional model is constructed based on multiple dimensions including liquidity, economic fundamentals, valuation, capital flow, technical signals, and crowding indicators, with 21 metrics categorized into four major groups: "valuation cost-effectiveness," "macro fundamentals," "capital & trend," and "crowding & reversal" to generate a comprehensive timing score ranging from [-1,1][1][6][8] - Liquidity dimension includes factors such as monetary direction, monetary strength, credit direction, and credit strength. For example, the monetary direction factor is calculated using the average change in central bank policy rates and short-term market rates over the past 90 days. If the factor is greater than 0, it indicates a loose monetary policy environment[12][15][17] - Economic dimension includes growth direction, growth strength, inflation direction, and inflation strength factors. For instance, the growth direction factor is derived from PMI data, calculating the 12-month average and year-over-year change. If the factor shows an upward trend compared to three months ago, it signals a positive outlook[24][27][31] - Valuation dimension includes metrics such as Shiller ERP, PB, and AIAE. For example, Shiller ERP is calculated as $1/Shiller PE - 10-year government bond yield$, with a z-score based on the past six years' data[36][38][42] - Capital flow dimension is divided into domestic and foreign capital metrics. Domestic metrics include margin trading increment and turnover trend, while foreign metrics include China's sovereign CDS spread and overseas risk aversion index. For instance, the CDS spread factor signals foreign capital inflow when the 20-day differential is less than 0[45][52][55] - Technical dimension includes price trend and new highs/lows metrics. For example, the price trend factor is calculated using the moving average distance $(ma120/ma240-1)$, with scores determined by the trend direction and strength[58][61][63] - Crowding dimension includes derivative signals such as implied premium, VIX, SKEW, and convertible bond pricing deviation. For instance, the implied premium factor is derived from the 50ETF's 5-day return and percentile ranking, signaling market crowding levels[64][65][70] - Current scores for the six dimensions are as follows: liquidity 0.25, economic fundamentals -0.25, valuation -0.40, capital flow 0.00, technical signals -0.50, and crowding 0.00, resulting in a comprehensive timing score of -0.15[7][8][10]

Quantitative Models and Construction 1. Model Name: Timing Radar Six-Facet Framework - **Model Construction Idea**: The model evaluates equity market performance through a multi-dimensional perspective, incorporating 21 indicators categorized into four major dimensions: "Valuation Cost-Effectiveness," "Macro Fundamentals," "Funds & Trends," and "Crowdedness & Reversal" These dimensions are aggregated into a comprehensive timing score within the range of [-1, 1][1][6][8] - **Model Construction Process**: - The 21 indicators are grouped into six facets: liquidity, economic conditions, valuation, funds, technicals, and crowdedness - Each indicator is normalized and scored based on its historical distribution, with the final score for each dimension being the average of its respective indicators - The comprehensive timing score is calculated as the weighted average of the four major dimensions[1][6][8] - **Model Evaluation**: The model provides a systematic and multi-dimensional approach to market timing, offering insights into market conditions from various perspectives[1][6] --- Quantitative Factors and Construction 1. Factor Name: Monetary Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor assesses the direction of monetary policy by analyzing changes in central bank policy rates and short-term market rates over the past 90 days[12] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Calculate the average change in central bank policy rates and short-term market rates over the past 90 days - If the factor value > 0, monetary policy is deemed accommodative; if < 0, it is deemed restrictive[12] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor effectively captures the directional stance of monetary policy, providing a clear signal for market conditions[12] 2. Factor Name: Monetary Strength Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor measures the deviation of short-term market rates from policy rates using the "interest rate corridor" concept[15] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute the deviation as: $ \text{Deviation} = \frac{\text{DR007}}{\text{7-Year Reverse Repo Rate}} - 1 $ - Smooth the deviation and calculate its z-score - If the z-score < -1.5, the environment is deemed accommodative (score = 1); if > 1.5, it is restrictive (score = -1)[15] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor provides a quantitative measure of liquidity conditions, aiding in the assessment of monetary policy impact[15] 3. Factor Name: Credit Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor evaluates the transmission of credit to the real economy using medium- and long-term loan data[17] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Calculate the year-over-year growth of medium- and long-term loans over the past 12 months - Compare the current value to its level three months ago - If the factor value is rising, it signals a positive credit environment (score = 1); otherwise, it signals a negative environment (score = -1)[17] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor captures the dynamics of credit transmission, providing insights into economic conditions[17] 4. Factor Name: Credit Strength Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor measures whether credit data significantly exceeds or falls short of expectations[21] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute the z-score of the difference between actual and expected new RMB loans - If the z-score > 1.5, the environment is deemed credit-positive (score = 1); if < -1.5, it is credit-negative (score = -1)[21] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor quantifies the surprise element in credit data, offering a predictive signal for market conditions[21] 5. Factor Name: Growth Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor uses PMI data to assess the direction of economic growth[24] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Calculate the 12-month moving average of PMI data and its year-over-year change - Compare the current value to its level three months ago - If the factor value is rising, it signals positive growth (score = 1); otherwise, it signals negative growth (score = -1)[24] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor provides a timely measure of economic growth trends, aiding in macroeconomic analysis[24] 6. Factor Name: Growth Strength Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor measures whether economic growth data significantly exceeds or falls short of expectations[26] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute the z-score of the difference between actual and expected PMI values - If the z-score > 1.5, the environment is deemed growth-positive (score = 1); if < -1.5, it is growth-negative (score = -1)[26] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor captures the surprise element in growth data, providing a predictive signal for economic conditions[26] 7. Factor Name: Inflation Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor assesses the direction of inflation using CPI and PPI data[30] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute the weighted average of smoothed CPI and raw PPI year-over-year changes - Compare the current value to its level three months ago - If the factor value is declining, it signals a disinflationary environment (score = 1); otherwise, it signals an inflationary environment (score = -1)[30] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor provides insights into inflation trends, aiding in monetary policy analysis[30] 8. Factor Name: Inflation Strength Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor measures whether inflation data significantly exceeds or falls short of expectations[31] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute the z-score of the difference between actual and expected CPI and PPI values - If the z-score < -1.5, the environment is deemed disinflationary (score = 1); if > 1.5, it is inflationary (score = -1)[31] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor quantifies the surprise element in inflation data, offering a predictive signal for monetary policy[31] --- Backtesting Results of Factors 1. Monetary Direction Factor - Current score: 1[12] 2. Monetary Strength Factor - Current score: -1[15] 3. Credit Direction Factor - Current score: 1[17] 4. Credit Strength Factor - Current score: -1[21] 5. Growth Direction Factor - Current score: -1[24] 6. Growth Strength Factor - Current score: 1[26] 7. Inflation Direction Factor - Current score: 1[30] 8. Inflation Strength Factor - Current score: 0[32]

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods Model Name: Timing Radar Six-Factor Model - **Model Construction Idea**: The model aims to capture the performance of the equity market through multiple dimensions, including liquidity, economic conditions, valuation, capital flows, technical indicators, and crowding. It summarizes these into four categories: "Valuation Cost-Effectiveness," "Macroeconomic Fundamentals," "Capital & Trend," and "Crowding & Reversal," generating a comprehensive timing score between [-1,1][1][6]. - **Model Construction Process**: - **Liquidity**: Includes indicators like monetary strength and credit strength. For example, the monetary direction factor is calculated based on the average change in central bank policy rates and short-term market rates over the past 90 days[12][15][18][21]. - **Economic Conditions**: Includes indicators like inflation direction and growth direction. For instance, the growth direction factor is based on PMI data, calculated as the 12-month moving average and year-over-year change[22][26][27][31]. - **Valuation**: Includes indicators like Shiller ERP, PB, and AIAE. For example, Shiller ERP is calculated as 1/Shiller PE minus the 10-year government bond yield, with a z-score over the past three years[32][36][39]. - **Capital Flows**: Includes indicators like margin trading increment and trading volume trend. For example, the margin trading increment is calculated as the difference between the 120-day and 240-day moving averages of financing balance minus short selling balance[41][44][47][49]. - **Technical Indicators**: Includes indicators like price trend and new highs and lows. For example, the price trend is measured using the distance between the 120-day and 240-day moving averages[51][54]. - **Crowding**: Includes indicators like implied premium/discount from derivatives and convertible bond pricing deviation. For example, the implied premium/discount is derived from the put-call parity relationship in options[57][62][65]. - **Model Evaluation**: The model provides a comprehensive view of market conditions by integrating multiple dimensions, making it a robust tool for market timing[1][6]. Model Backtesting Results - **Current Comprehensive Score**: -0.10, indicating a neutral view overall[1][6]. - **Liquidity Score**: 0.00, indicating a neutral signal[8]. - **Economic Conditions Score**: 0.00, indicating a neutral signal[8]. - **Valuation Score**: -0.11, indicating a slightly bearish signal[8]. - **Capital Flows Score**: 0.00, indicating a neutral signal[8]. - **Technical Indicators Score**: -0.50, indicating a bearish signal[8]. - **Crowding Score**: -0.13, indicating a slightly bearish signal[8]. Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods Factor Name: Monetary Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: To determine the direction of current monetary policy by comparing central bank policy rates and short-term market rates over the past 90 days[12]. - **Factor Construction Process**: - Calculate the average change in central bank policy rates and short-term market rates over the past 90 days. - If the factor is greater than 0, it indicates a loose monetary policy; if less than 0, it indicates a tight monetary policy[12]. - **Factor Evaluation**: Provides a clear indication of the monetary policy direction, which is crucial for market timing[12]. Factor Name: Credit Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: To measure the tightness of credit transmission from commercial banks to the real economy using long-term loan indicators[18]. - **Factor Construction Process**: - Calculate the monthly value of long-term loans. - Compute the year-over-year change over the past 12 months. - If the factor is rising compared to three months ago, it indicates a bullish signal; otherwise, it indicates a bearish signal[18]. - **Factor Evaluation**: Effectively captures the credit conditions in the economy, which is vital for assessing market liquidity[18]. Factor Backtesting Results - **Monetary Direction Factor**: Score of 1, indicating a bullish signal[12]. - **Credit Direction Factor**: Score of 1, indicating a bullish signal[18]. - **Monetary Strength Factor**: Score of -1, indicating a bearish signal[15]. - **Credit Strength Factor**: Score of -1, indicating a bearish signal[21]. - **Growth Direction Factor**: Score of -1, indicating a bearish signal[22]. - **Growth Strength Factor**: Score of -1, indicating a bearish signal[26]. - **Inflation Direction Factor**: Score of 1, indicating a bullish signal[27]. - **Inflation Strength Factor**: Score of 1, indicating a bullish signal[31]. - **Shiller ERP**: Score of 0.16, indicating a slightly bearish signal[32]. - **PB**: Score of -0.38, indicating a bearish signal[36]. - **AIAE**: Score of -0.11, indicating a slightly bearish signal[39]. - **Margin Trading Increment**: Score of -1, indicating a bearish signal[41]. - **Trading Volume Trend**: Score of -1, indicating a bearish signal[44]. - **China Sovereign CDS Spread**: Score of 1, indicating a bullish signal[47]. - **Overseas Risk Aversion Index**: Score of 1, indicating a bullish signal[49]. - **Price Trend**: Score of 0, indicating a neutral signal[51]. - **New Highs and Lows**: Score of -1, indicating a bearish signal[54]. - **Implied Premium/Discount**: Score of 1, indicating a bullish signal[57]. - **Implied Volatility (VIX)**: Score of 0, indicating a neutral signal[58]. - **Implied Skewness (SKEW)**: Score of -1, indicating a bearish signal[62]. - **Convertible Bond Pricing Deviation**: Score of -0.51, indicating a bearish signal[65].

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Timing Radar Six-Facet Chart - **Model Construction Idea**: The model evaluates equity market performance through a multi-dimensional framework, incorporating liquidity, economic fundamentals, valuation, capital flows, technical signals, and crowding indicators. These dimensions are aggregated into four categories: "Valuation Cost-Effectiveness," "Macro Fundamentals," "Capital & Trend," and "Crowding & Reversal," generating a composite timing score within the range of [-1, 1][1][6][8] - **Model Construction Process**: - Select 21 indicators across six dimensions - Aggregate indicators into four categories - Normalize the composite score to the range of [-1, 1][1][6][8] - **Model Evaluation**: The model provides a comprehensive and systematic approach to timing equity markets, offering insights into multiple influencing factors[1][6] --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Monetary Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor assesses the direction of monetary policy by analyzing changes in central bank policy rates and short-term market rates over the past 90 days[12] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Calculate the average change in central bank policy rates and short-term market rates over the past 90 days - If the factor value > 0, monetary policy is deemed accommodative; if < 0, it is deemed restrictive[12] - **Factor Evaluation**: Effectively captures the directional stance of monetary policy[12] 2. Factor Name: Monetary Strength Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Based on the "interest rate corridor" concept, this factor measures the deviation of short-term market rates from policy rates to assess liquidity conditions[15] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute deviation = DR007/7-year reverse repo rate - 1 - Smooth and z-score the deviation - Assign scores: >1.5 standard deviations = -1 (tight liquidity), <-1.5 standard deviations = 1 (loose liquidity)[15] - **Factor Evaluation**: Provides a quantitative measure of liquidity conditions in the market[15] 3. Factor Name: Credit Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the trend in credit transmission to the real economy using medium- and long-term loan data[17] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Calculate the year-over-year growth of medium- and long-term loans over the past 12 months - Compare the current value to the value three months ago - Assign scores: upward trend = 1, downward trend = -1[17] - **Factor Evaluation**: Captures the directional trend of credit transmission effectively[17] 4. Factor Name: Credit Strength Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures whether credit data significantly exceeds or falls short of expectations[20] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute Credit Strength Factor = (New RMB loans - median forecast) / forecast standard deviation - Assign scores: >1.5 standard deviations = 1, <-1.5 standard deviations = -1[20] - **Factor Evaluation**: Quantifies the surprise in credit data relative to expectations[20] 5. Factor Name: Growth Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Uses PMI data to assess the directional trend of economic growth[23] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Calculate the 12-month moving average of PMI data - Compute year-over-year growth - Compare the current value to the value three months ago - Assign scores: upward trend = 1, downward trend = -1[23] - **Factor Evaluation**: Provides a timely measure of economic growth trends[23] 6. Factor Name: Growth Strength Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures whether economic growth data significantly exceeds or falls short of expectations[26] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute Growth Strength Factor = (PMI - median forecast) / forecast standard deviation - Assign scores: >1.5 standard deviations = 1, <-1.5 standard deviations = -1[26] - **Factor Evaluation**: Captures the magnitude of surprises in economic growth data[26] 7. Factor Name: Inflation Direction Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Assesses the directional trend of inflation using CPI and PPI data[30] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute Inflation Direction Factor = 0.5 × smoothed CPI YoY + 0.5 × raw PPI YoY - Compare the current value to the value three months ago - Assign scores: downward trend = 1, upward trend = -1[30] - **Factor Evaluation**: Reflects the directional trend of inflation effectively[30] 8. Factor Name: Inflation Strength Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures whether inflation data significantly exceeds or falls short of expectations[31] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute Inflation Strength Factor = average of CPI and PPI forecast deviations - Assign scores: <-1.5 standard deviations = 1, >1.5 standard deviations = -1[31] - **Factor Evaluation**: Quantifies inflation surprises relative to expectations[31] 9. Factor Name: Shiller ERP - **Factor Construction Idea**: Adjusts for economic cycles to evaluate equity valuation[35] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute Shiller PE = inflation-adjusted average earnings over the past 6 years - Compute Shiller ERP = 1/Shiller PE - 10-year government bond yield - Standardize using a 3-year z-score[35] - **Factor Evaluation**: Provides a cyclically adjusted measure of equity valuation[35] 10. Factor Name: PB - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures valuation using the price-to-book ratio[37] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute PB × (-1) - Standardize using a 3-year z-score, truncating at ±1.5 standard deviations[37] - **Factor Evaluation**: Offers a simple and effective valuation metric[37] 11. Factor Name: AIAE - **Factor Construction Idea**: Reflects market-wide equity allocation and risk appetite[41] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Compute AIAE = total market cap of CSI All Share Index / (total market cap + total debt) - Standardize using a 3-year z-score[41] - **Factor Evaluation**: Captures overall market risk appetite[41] --- Factor Backtest Results 1. Monetary Direction Factor - Current score: 1[12] 2. Monetary Strength Factor - Current score: -1[15] 3. Credit Direction Factor - Current score: 1[17] 4. Credit Strength Factor - Current score: -1[20] 5. Growth Direction Factor - Current score: -1[23] 6. Growth Strength Factor - Current score: -1[26] 7. Inflation Direction Factor - Current score: 1[30] 8. Inflation Strength Factor - Current score: 1[31] 9. Shiller ERP - Current score: 0.30[39] 10. PB - Current score: -0.18[37] 11. AIAE - Current score: 0.15[41]