澳大利亚是无核国家，三国推动极具核扩散风险的核潜艇合作，引发国际社会对三国深化军事同盟、破 坏地区安全稳定的疑虑和担忧。 美国国防部此前宣布重新评估前总统拜登执政时期美国、英国和澳大利亚签署的三边安全伙伴关系协 定，以确认该协定是否符合"美国优先"议程。据美国《华盛顿邮报》日前爆料，美国国务卿马尔科·鲁 比奥私下向澳防长马尔斯保证，三边安全伙伴关系协定会继续推进。 澳大利亚近来宣布一系列国防投资消息，包括以100亿澳元（66亿美元）购买11艘日本"最上"级护卫舰 和投入17亿澳元（11亿美元）打造"幽灵鲨"水下无人舰队。（陈立希） 责编：陈亚楠、姚凯红 新华社北京9月14日电 澳大利亚政府14日说，澳大利亚将投入120亿澳元（约合80亿美元），升级改造 位于西澳大利亚州的亨德森造船厂。澳大利亚计划用20年时间，将该设施打造成为"澳英美联盟"级核潜 艇的维护中心。 上述资金将在今后十年分步拨付到位。澳大利亚国防部长理查德·马尔斯说，打造亨德森核潜艇船坞的 总支出或将达到250亿澳元（166亿美元）。 据法新社报道，澳大利亚没有可服务于核潜艇的基础设施。2021年9月，美国、英国和澳大利亚领导人 共同宣布建立三边 ...

Group 1 - The International Atomic Energy Agency claims that Iran possesses approximately 400 kilograms of uranium enriched to 60%, prompting military actions from Israel and the United States against Iran's nuclear facilities to halt its uranium enrichment process [1] - Uranium enrichment is the process of increasing the proportion of uranium-235 in natural uranium, which is essential for both civilian nuclear power generation and military nuclear technology [1][2] - Natural uranium primarily consists of two isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28%) and uranium-235 (0.71%), with uranium-235 being capable of sustaining a chain reaction and releasing significant energy [1][2] Group 2 - The majority of the world's known uranium resources are concentrated in Australia, Canada, Kazakhstan, Namibia, and Russia, with only uranium deposits containing over 0.05% uranium being economically viable for extraction [2] - The main method for industrial uranium enrichment is gas centrifugation, which separates uranium isotopes based on their slight mass difference, utilizing high-speed centrifuges that can exceed 100,000 RPM [2] - Enriched uranium with a concentration below 20% is primarily used for civilian purposes, while concentrations above 20% are used for military applications, with weapons-grade uranium requiring over 90% enrichment [3] Group 3 - Achieving weapons-grade uranium is only the initial step in a nuclear weapons program, as subsequent challenges include complex weapon design, material development, miniaturization, and testing for reliability [3] - The process of enriching uranium from natural levels (0.7%) to 20% requires significantly more effort than further enriching it to 90%, indicating a critical point in nuclear proliferation [3] - Effective nuclear deterrence necessitates ensuring that a nuclear arsenal can survive an initial strike and maintain a reliable second-strike capability [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the aggressive actions of the United States regarding Iran's nuclear program, highlighting the use of military force and unilateral actions that undermine international law and order [1][2][3]. Group 1: U.S. Actions and International Response - The U.S. has escalated its military involvement in Iran, moving from tacit support of Israeli attacks to direct airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities, reflecting a pattern of coercive diplomacy [1][2]. - Experts criticize the U.S. for bypassing the United Nations and engaging in unilateral military actions, which they view as a significant threat to international order and a violation of the UN Charter [2][4]. - The actions of the U.S. are seen as a manifestation of "jungle law," where military power is used to impose its will on other nations, leading to a loss of credibility and trust in the U.S. on the global stage [2][7]. Group 2: Risks of Nuclear Proliferation - The military actions against Iran are perceived as a double standard, as the U.S. supports Israel, which is believed to possess nuclear weapons, while targeting Iran under the pretext of preventing nuclear proliferation [4][5]. - Analysts warn that the U.S. strikes could trigger a nuclear arms race, as other nations may feel compelled to develop their own nuclear capabilities for self-defense [4][5]. - The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has condemned the use of military force against nuclear facilities, emphasizing that such actions threaten global security and undermine diplomatic efforts [4][6]. Group 3: Impact on International Relations - The U.S. military intervention is damaging its global image and could lead to increased hostility towards American policies, as many countries view these actions as imperialistic and reckless [7]. - Experts argue for a return to multilateral diplomacy and respect for international law, emphasizing that military solutions are not viable for resolving international disputes [7].

Core Viewpoint - The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Grossi, has expressed willingness to visit Iran as soon as possible to assess the situation and ensure safety, security, and prevention of nuclear proliferation [1] Group 1 - The IAEA is actively seeking to engage with relevant authorities regarding the situation in Iran [1] - The focus of the visit will be on evaluating the safety and security measures in place [1] - The intention is to prevent any potential nuclear proliferation issues [1]