专家认为，默茨就职后就将法国作为自己首个正式访问国家，努力重振踌躇不前的德法关系。双方领导 人此后多次会面、气氛融洽，两国关系回温明显，欧盟内部的"德法引擎"生机重现。 默茨23日说，两国领导人现在站在几十年来德法坚实友谊的基础上，双方都认为今后继续发展友谊是一 项"重大责任"。马克龙强调，法德关系及共同推进双边及欧洲议程的意愿至关重要。 法国总统马克龙当地时间23日访问德国，与德国总理默茨就欧美关税谈判、欧洲安全等问题举行会谈。 这次访问中的两个细节引发媒体关注：德国就双方领导人会晤地点作出特殊安排，以及一项既定活动被 迫取消。 专家认为，在美国持续向欧盟施加关税压力以及俄乌冲突延宕等背景下，法德两国领导人有意夯实共同 立场、协调对外政策，强化两国在欧盟内部的引领作用，但双方仍有不少分歧且各自面临国内政治压 力，重启中的"法德引擎"也存在"熄火"隐忧。 会谈地费思量 这是默茨今年5月就任德国总理后，马克龙首次访德。默茨一直重视法德关系，这次选择在颇具象征意 义的博尔西希别墅招待马克龙。这座建筑位于柏林西北郊区，曾在二战后作为法国驻德军队最高指挥官 的住宅。 法新社评述，在美国特朗普政府搅动跨大西洋关系之际， ...

Group 1: Core Insights - The article highlights Europe's significant military dependence on the United States, particularly through NATO, which has led to a loss of strategic and defense autonomy for European nations [1][8][10] - The U.S. provides critical strategic capabilities, operational command, and tactical forces that Europe lacks, making it difficult for European countries to operate independently [3][4][6] - The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has exposed weaknesses in Europe's military capabilities, particularly in ammunition reserves and industrial capacity [4][6] Group 2: Military Dependence - Europe relies heavily on U.S. intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, with varying degrees of dependence among countries, from Denmark to France [5] - The U.S. maintains a dominant position in Europe's arms market, with European nations purchasing significantly more military equipment from the U.S. than from each other [6][10] - The presence of U.S. military bases across Europe reinforces this dependence, with approximately 84,000 U.S. troops stationed in Europe as of early 2025 [7] Group 3: Challenges to Autonomy - Efforts to achieve military independence in Europe face numerous challenges, including financial constraints and the need for greater unity among European nations [12][13] - The aspiration to create a unified European military force has been historically opposed by the U.S., which has contributed to the stagnation of such initiatives [9][10] - Recent reports indicate that while there is a trend towards increasing procurement from European suppliers, the overall military capability gap remains significant [14] Group 4: Future Plans - European nations are formulating plans to replace U.S. military roles within NATO over the next 5 to 10 years, with discussions involving key countries like the UK, France, and Germany [12][13] - The European Union aims to enhance its defense capabilities through increased investment in the defense industry and joint procurement initiatives [12] - Despite ongoing reliance on U.S. military support, there are signs of improvement in Europe's defense procurement, with a growing trend to favor European suppliers [14]

Core Points - Germany has officially deployed a large-scale permanent military presence overseas for the first time since World War II, with the establishment of the 45th Armored Brigade in Lithuania [1][2] - This move is aimed at strengthening NATO's eastern flank and enhancing Germany's role in European security amidst increasing uncertainties in transatlantic relations [1][4] - The deployment is part of Germany's broader strategy to achieve greater defense autonomy in Europe, reflecting a significant shift from its traditional military restraint [5][6] Military Deployment - The 45th Armored Brigade, comprising approximately 5,000 troops, is set to be fully stationed in Lithuania by the end of 2027, with around 4,000 combat troops based near Vilnius [3] - German Chancellor Merz emphasized that this deployment marks a new era for the Bundeswehr, asserting Germany's commitment to NATO collective defense [2] Geopolitical Context - The deployment is seen as a response to the changing stance of the U.S. government regarding military support in Europe, highlighting Germany's realization of the need for independent security measures [4][5] - Analysts view this as a strategic posture to reassure NATO's eastern members, particularly given the vulnerabilities in the Suwalki Corridor, which connects Lithuania to Poland [3][5] Domestic Controversies - There is domestic debate in Germany regarding the significant increase in military spending and the expansion of defense responsibilities, which may pose challenges for the Merz government [6][7] - The recent amendment to the Basic Law allows for increased defense spending, but there are concerns about the implications of increased public debt and the potential backlash from opposition parties [7]

德国联邦国防军参加军事演习。 5月中旬，德国总理默茨在联邦议院发表就任总理以来的首次讲话时表示，要把德国联邦国防军建 设成为欧洲最强大的常规军队，并重振德国经济，使德国再次成为欧洲经济增长的"火车头"。舆论普遍 认为，这两项目标密不可分，且最能代表默茨政府的施政规划，但对当前的德国来说存在明显相互矛 盾，实现前景充满不确定性。 分析认为，默茨政府公开提出打造欧洲最强大的常规军队，甚至要求财政优先用于防务需求，被视 为前任朔尔茨政府提出的"时代转折"理念的升级版。其意图通过让德国重返欧洲外交与防务舞台中心， 推进欧洲防务乃至战略自主进程，进而将欧盟从"经济共同体"升格为"地缘战略共同体"。这不仅是德国 自身战略定位的重大转变，也关乎欧洲安全架构的重塑。 自2022年俄乌冲突全面爆发以来，德国作为北约主要成员国逐步走向前台，已成为向乌克兰提供经 济和军事援助最多的欧洲国家之一。为确保德国军费开支持续大幅增加，继朔尔茨政府设立1000亿欧元 （约合1123亿美元）特别国防基金后，默茨继续对德国财政和防务政策进行改革调整。今年3月，欧盟 宣布实施"重新武装欧洲"计划，重点是使用欧盟掌握的财政杠杆帮助成员国快速大幅强化 ...

Group 1 - The new German Chancellor Merz aims to re-establish Germany's significant role in European politics through intensive visits to neighboring countries, signaling a commitment to revitalize the "Franco-German engine" and promote European defense autonomy [1][4]. - Merz's first visit to France highlights the importance of Franco-German relations, with discussions focusing on European defense, the Russia-Ukraine situation, and regional security cooperation [2][3]. - A key outcome of the Merz-Macron meeting is the establishment of a Franco-German Defense and Security Council to address strategic challenges and enhance cooperation in defense capabilities [2][3]. Group 2 - Merz's visits to Poland and Brussels are aimed at strengthening Germany's relationships with these countries and reaffirming Germany's leadership role within the EU [4][5]. - The Polish Prime Minister Tusk noted that Merz's visit provides new momentum for bilateral relations, emphasizing the importance of infrastructure connectivity, despite existing differences on border control and immigration [4]. - In Brussels, Merz expressed the need for Germany to play a strong and proactive role in the EU, indicating a desire to redefine Germany's position in European affairs [4][5]. Group 3 - Analysts suggest that Merz's approach reflects a shift towards European defense independence, particularly in light of changing transatlantic relations under the Trump administration [5][7]. - Merz has articulated the importance of European unity and the need for Germany to prepare for its own and Europe's security, aiming to expand European defense capabilities [6][7]. - A joint article by Merz and Macron emphasizes the need for Europe to take greater responsibility for its own security and to respond decisively to harmful measures from the U.S. [6][7].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the unprecedented increase in military spending in Europe, driven by security anxieties and a desire for defense autonomy amid perceived diminishing U.S. commitments to European security [1][2][3] - Since the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis, military spending in Europe has consistently risen, surpassing levels seen at the end of the Cold War, with all European countries, except Malta, increasing their military budgets in 2024 [2] - NATO member countries in Europe are projected to spend a total of $454 billion on military expenditures in 2024, accounting for approximately 55% of global military spending, with a significant increase in military spending relative to GDP compared to non-NATO countries [2] Group 2 - The report indicates that the surge in military spending is largely a response to concerns about Russia and the potential withdrawal of U.S. support, prompting European nations to reassess their defense strategies [2][3] - European leaders have increasingly called for greater responsibility in ensuring their own security, with initiatives aimed at enhancing defense autonomy gaining momentum, including various legislative measures to support defense production and procurement [4][5] - The European Union has set ambitious plans, such as the €800 billion "Rearm Europe" initiative and the "Ready for 2030" white paper, aimed at strengthening defense capabilities through increased investment and collaboration in the defense sector [5]