12月27日0时07分，风云四号C星（又名风云四号03星）成功发射。作为我国第二代静止轨道气象卫星 风云四号系列的最新成员，C星在监测预警极端天气和应对气候变化方面有哪些超强能力？近期我国还 将发射哪些气象卫星？记者对此专访了中国气象局相关专家。 预警更精准超前 风云四号光学星地面系统总师陆风说，风云四号C星就位后，凭借大幅提升的观测性能，将在强对流、 台风等灾害监测预警方面更精准超前，防灾减灾能力将更强。 强对流天气监测中，风云四号C星对强对流云团的生消、移动监测时间分辨率比风云四号B星提升 33％，空间分辨率最高达250米。以我国华南地区夏季强对流为例，可提前1小时至2小时预判冰雹、短 时强降雨的落区和强度，使强对流天气的短临预警准确率提升约20％，预警提前量平均增加15分钟至30 分钟。 台风监测预警中，风云四号C星可捕捉台风内核区的温度、湿度快速变化，提前预判台风强度突变，大 幅减少台风路径和强度预报的误差，为沿海地区提前做好船只回港、人员转移等防灾部署做好"气象参 谋"。 应对气候变化能力更强 观测性能全面跃升 "最新发射的风云四号C星观测性能全面跃升，其搭载的6台载荷性能均达到国际先进水平，将大幅 ...

Core Insights - A significant scientific breakthrough has been achieved through a joint marine ecological investigation by Chinese and Indonesian scientists in the waters near North Sulawesi, Indonesia, discovering new shallow hydrothermal vents, which exemplifies collaboration in addressing climate change and protecting marine ecosystems [1][2] Group 1: Scientific Discovery - The discovery of shallow hydrothermal vents is rare, typically found at depths of several thousand meters, and their presence in a high-temperature, acidic environment alongside diverse coral reefs and seagrass beds provides a valuable "natural laboratory" for global climate change research [1] - Over 500 samples, including coral, hydrothermal water, plankton, and environmental DNA, were collected, contributing to the establishment of a more comprehensive marine ecological observation network between China and Indonesia [1] Group 2: Collaborative Efforts - The collaboration between China and Indonesia in marine research has deepened over 20 years, encompassing scientific research, technology promotion, and public education, with participation from local governments, universities, and research institutions [2] - Initiatives such as "Blue Citizens" and "Blue Campus" have been launched to educate local communities about marine science, fostering environmental awareness and community engagement [2] Group 3: Global Context - The ongoing global climate change poses severe threats to marine ecosystems, with rising sea temperatures and acidification becoming increasingly prominent issues [3] - China is actively promoting the concept of a marine community with a shared future, having signed cooperation agreements with over 50 countries and international organizations to enhance regional and global marine governance [3]

Core Insights - The article highlights the accelerated melting of glaciers due to global warming, with approximately 26% of glaciers in China disappearing over the past 60 years, and a UNESCO report predicting that one-third of world heritage glaciers will vanish by 2050 [1] - The formation of ice lakes from melting glaciers is increasing, leading to unique high-altitude aquatic ecosystems that pose risks to downstream areas if they burst [1] - Understanding the water environment changes in ice lakes is crucial for scientific protection and management of these fragile water bodies, but current monitoring methods are inadequate [1][2] Group 1: Ice Lake Monitoring Challenges - There are about 20,000 ice lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, which are continuously increasing, impacting local pastoral activities due to limited grazing areas [2] - The research team faces significant challenges in monitoring these lakes, including harsh weather conditions and the difficulty of transporting samples over long distances [3] - The unpredictability of ice lake changes complicates the monitoring process, making it hard to capture significant water quality changes during field studies [3] Group 2: Technological Innovations in Monitoring - The research team has partnered with Hikvision to implement video monitoring technology to observe glacier melting and ice lake water environment changes, achieving long-term and real-time monitoring [4] - High-resolution observations have shown a strong correlation between lake water color and measured water quality, allowing for more efficient monitoring compared to traditional methods [4] - The new monitoring approach using RGB imaging and deep learning models enables the team to detect rapid fluctuations in ice lake water quality and understand the driving factors behind these changes [5] Group 3: Future Implications and Research Goals - The innovative monitoring technology has the potential to be applied to thousands of ice lakes, facilitating comprehensive research on climate change and its effects on local ecosystems [5] - The research team has accumulated over a hundred terabytes of data, contributing to ongoing efforts to understand and protect the fragile high-altitude ecosystems [5] - The commitment to rigorous research and ecological protection remains a priority, aiming for a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature in the region [5]

Group 1 - China has surpassed the United States in climate change research capabilities, leading the world in decarbonization technology development [1][2] - In 2023, Chinese research institutions published approximately 14,000 climate change-related papers, exceeding the United States' 13,000 papers, marking a significant shift in global research output [1] - By 2024, China is projected to publish around 17,000 papers, accounting for 20% of the global total, further widening the gap with the United States [1] Group 2 - As of the fourth quarter of 2024, Chinese electric vehicle (EV) sales will account for 55% of the global market share, leading in both European and Asian markets [2] - China's solar and wind power generation capacity reached 50% in 2023, surpassing traditional coal power, establishing China as a core player in global decarbonization efforts [2] - China has also outperformed the United States in the quality of research, ranking first in the number of highly cited papers from 2004 to 2024 [2]