今年是国际冰川保护年。随着全球气候变暖，人们对冰川的关注逐渐提升，但其消融的速度却在加速。 数据显示，我国冰川60年间消失约26%，联合国教科文组织报告提示，到2050年被列为世界遗产的冰川 有三分之一将消失。 与此同时，冰川消融形成的冰湖持续增加，这些新生水体正迅速演变为独特的高寒水生生态系统。如果 它们发生溃决，可能对下游造成重大灾害；而冰川快速消融会导致冰湖和下游水质突变，进而对区域内 脆弱的生态产生影响；冰湖水体的盐度、酸碱度的变化，还可能导致区域生物多样性锐减。 厘清冰湖的水环境变化规律，是科学保护和系统管理这些脆弱水体、维系下游生态安全的基础。但冰湖 形成速度快、数量多、变化迅速，科学家对它们的规律了解却才刚开始。如何找到有效、高效的监测方 法，是科学家们面临的难题。 往天上"走"5公里最怕没采集到有效数据 "目前青藏高原上约有2万个冰湖，还在不断增加。"说这话时，张强弓有些迫切。他是中国科学院青藏 高原研究所研究员，最初研究冰川和气候环境变化，但随着冰川消融，他发现自己的研究对象在逐渐消 失。茫然中，他惊觉冰湖的变化蕴含着许多未知的奥秘，和气候环境变化有关。"同一个海拔下，已经 有下游的放牧业受 ...

Group 1 - China has surpassed the United States in climate change research capabilities, leading the world in decarbonization technology development [1][2] - In 2023, Chinese research institutions published approximately 14,000 climate change-related papers, exceeding the United States' 13,000 papers, marking a significant shift in global research output [1] - By 2024, China is projected to publish around 17,000 papers, accounting for 20% of the global total, further widening the gap with the United States [1] Group 2 - As of the fourth quarter of 2024, Chinese electric vehicle (EV) sales will account for 55% of the global market share, leading in both European and Asian markets [2] - China's solar and wind power generation capacity reached 50% in 2023, surpassing traditional coal power, establishing China as a core player in global decarbonization efforts [2] - China has also outperformed the United States in the quality of research, ranking first in the number of highly cited papers from 2004 to 2024 [2]