新华社悉尼8月12日电（记者梁有昶）澳大利亚海洋学研究所12日发布新闻公报说，2024年至2025年间 的海洋热浪是西澳大利亚州有记录以来持续时间最长、范围最广、强度最大的一次，导致该州出现有记 录以来最大范围的珊瑚白化事件。 澳大利亚气象局的克莱尔·斯皮尔曼说，极端海洋温度频率的增加与全球变暖有关。2024年全球海洋表 面温度达到有记录以来最高水平。就澳大利亚水域而言，2024年至2025年的夏季海表温度是自1900年有 官方记录以来最高。西澳州西北海域在2024年也经历了一个暖冬，深海持续暖化，这增加了夏季海洋热 浪形成的可能性。 白化是珊瑚受环境压力影响，失去体内共生的藻类或藻类失去色素而导致颜色消失的一种生态现象。珊 瑚白化后未必会死亡，如果导致白化的压力减少，珊瑚有望恢复颜色。但如果白化严重且长期得不到恢 复，珊瑚很可能死亡。 责编：李磊、王瑞景 工作组发布的初步报告显示，受此次海洋热浪影响，跨度达1500公里的各个珊瑚礁系统中出现了不同程 度的珊瑚白化与死亡现象，严重时，白化与死亡珊瑚的占比超过90%。此次事件强度空前，连以往未受 白化影响的珊瑚礁也未能幸免。 澳大利亚海洋学研究所高级研究员詹姆斯 ...

Core Insights - The research conducted by Ningbo Oriental University and Southern University of Science and Technology reveals the driving mechanisms behind the extreme ocean heatwaves of 2023, providing crucial scientific evidence for understanding and predicting future extreme ocean events [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study constructed the world's first mixed-layer heat budget diagnostic framework based on high-resolution ocean reanalysis data, which quantitatively characterizes the unprecedented features of global ocean heatwaves in terms of intensity, duration, and spatial coverage in 2023 [1] - The research identified different driving mechanisms for ocean heatwaves in four key global ocean regions, including enhanced shortwave flux and shallower mixed layers in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, reduced cloud cover and increased advection in the Southwest Pacific, and increased oceanic advection in the tropical East Pacific [1] Group 2: Importance of Earth System Science - Developing Earth system science is crucial for revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of complex climate phenomena, enhancing global climate prediction capabilities, and formulating scientific response strategies [2] - Establishing a physics-based forecasting system, strengthening real-time monitoring of multiple ocean factors, and conducting in-depth research on early warning of extreme climate events are of significant practical importance for addressing future climate risks [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the unprecedented marine heatwaves experienced globally in 2023, highlighting their record duration, coverage, and intensity, which are linked to climate change and have significant ecological impacts [1][3][7]. Group 1: Marine Heatwaves Overview - In 2023, global marine heatwaves (MHW) surged dramatically, setting new records in duration, coverage, and intensity, with a cumulative marine heatwave activity intensity reaching 53.6 billion ℃ days km², deviating more than three standard deviations from historical norms since 1982 [5]. - Significant events included the North Atlantic heatwave, occurring once every 276 years, and the Southwest Pacific heatwave, occurring once every 141 years [5]. Group 2: Research Findings - A study published in the journal Science by researchers from Ningbo University and Southern University of Science and Technology revealed the distribution characteristics, evolution patterns, and key physical driving mechanisms of the extreme marine heatwaves in 2023 [2][3]. - The research established a diagnostic framework based on high-resolution ocean reanalysis data, quantitatively characterizing the unprecedented features of marine heatwaves in terms of intensity, duration, and spatial coverage [7]. Group 3: Key Driving Mechanisms - The study identified different driving mechanisms for marine heatwaves in four key ocean regions: - The North Atlantic and North Pacific are primarily driven by enhanced shortwave radiation flux and shallower mixed layers - The Southwest Pacific is dominated by reduced cloud cover and enhanced advection - The Tropical East Pacific is influenced by oceanic advection [5][7]. Group 4: Implications - The findings underscore the escalating ecological impacts of global warming, providing a solid scientific foundation for understanding and addressing global climate change and extreme weather events [7].

Core Insights - The research indicates that ocean heatwaves have become a significant "warning signal" for critical transitions in the Earth's climate system [1] - The year 2023 has seen record highs in the coverage, intensity, and duration of ocean heatwaves, which may profoundly impact extreme weather events, ocean carbon sink capacity, fishery resource distribution, and coral reef ecosystems [1] Group 1: Research Findings - The research team utilized high-resolution ocean reanalysis data to construct a mixed-layer heat budget diagnostic framework, quantitatively characterizing the features of global ocean heatwaves in 2023 [1] - The study revealed that multiple regional ocean heatwave events occurred simultaneously in 2023, indicating significant and complex changes in the climate system [1] Group 2: Regional Impacts - In the North Atlantic, a weakened subtropical high-pressure system led to reduced cloud cover and a shallower mixed layer, providing energy support for the sustained development of ocean heatwaves [2] - In the Southwest Pacific, regional atmospheric anticyclones enhanced easterly winds and weakened westerly winds, increasing the meridional transport of ocean heat [2] - In the North Pacific, increased shortwave radiation and reduced latent heat loss, combined with a shallower mixed layer, caused rapid warming of the sea surface [2] - In the tropical East Pacific, changes driven by El Niño in meridional, zonal currents, and upwelling exacerbated ocean warming in the region [2] Group 3: Recommendations - The research team emphasizes the importance of developing a forecasting system based on physical mechanisms, enhancing real-time monitoring of multiple ocean factors, and conducting in-depth research on extreme climate event warnings to address future climate risks [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the increasing frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves due to climate change, which significantly impacts marine ecosystems [1][2] - A study conducted by researchers from the University of Victoria indicates that from 2014 to 2016, the North American Pacific coast experienced the longest recorded marine heatwave, with sea temperatures exceeding historical averages by 2 to 6 degrees Celsius for extended periods [1] - The research found unprecedented ecological disturbances along thousands of kilometers of the North American West Coast, with 240 species observed outside their traditional geographic ranges, including some species appearing over 1000 kilometers north of their typical habitats [1] Group 2 - The study revealed that marine heatwaves led to significant reductions in kelp and seagrass, unprecedented mortality rates among species such as sea stars and seabirds, and abnormal death events in marine mammals [1] - The cascading effects of marine heatwaves include decreased numbers and nutritional quality of small fish, which further jeopardizes higher-level predators and results in severe economic losses for fisheries [1] - Researchers emphasize the urgent need for proactive ecosystem-based marine protection strategies and measures to mitigate climate change [2]