Core Insights - The research conducted by Ningbo Oriental University and Southern University of Science and Technology reveals the driving mechanisms behind the extreme ocean heatwaves of 2023, providing crucial scientific evidence for understanding and predicting future extreme ocean events [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study constructed the world's first mixed-layer heat budget diagnostic framework based on high-resolution ocean reanalysis data, which quantitatively characterizes the unprecedented features of global ocean heatwaves in terms of intensity, duration, and spatial coverage in 2023 [1] - The research identified different driving mechanisms for ocean heatwaves in four key global ocean regions, including enhanced shortwave flux and shallower mixed layers in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, reduced cloud cover and increased advection in the Southwest Pacific, and increased oceanic advection in the tropical East Pacific [1] Group 2: Importance of Earth System Science - Developing Earth system science is crucial for revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of complex climate phenomena, enhancing global climate prediction capabilities, and formulating scientific response strategies [2] - Establishing a physics-based forecasting system, strengthening real-time monitoring of multiple ocean factors, and conducting in-depth research on early warning of extreme climate events are of significant practical importance for addressing future climate risks [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the unprecedented marine heatwaves experienced globally in 2023, highlighting their record duration, coverage, and intensity, which are linked to climate change and have significant ecological impacts [1][3][7]. Group 1: Marine Heatwaves Overview - In 2023, global marine heatwaves (MHW) surged dramatically, setting new records in duration, coverage, and intensity, with a cumulative marine heatwave activity intensity reaching 53.6 billion ℃ days km², deviating more than three standard deviations from historical norms since 1982 [5]. - Significant events included the North Atlantic heatwave, occurring once every 276 years, and the Southwest Pacific heatwave, occurring once every 141 years [5]. Group 2: Research Findings - A study published in the journal Science by researchers from Ningbo University and Southern University of Science and Technology revealed the distribution characteristics, evolution patterns, and key physical driving mechanisms of the extreme marine heatwaves in 2023 [2][3]. - The research established a diagnostic framework based on high-resolution ocean reanalysis data, quantitatively characterizing the unprecedented features of marine heatwaves in terms of intensity, duration, and spatial coverage [7]. Group 3: Key Driving Mechanisms - The study identified different driving mechanisms for marine heatwaves in four key ocean regions: - The North Atlantic and North Pacific are primarily driven by enhanced shortwave radiation flux and shallower mixed layers - The Southwest Pacific is dominated by reduced cloud cover and enhanced advection - The Tropical East Pacific is influenced by oceanic advection [5][7]. Group 4: Implications - The findings underscore the escalating ecological impacts of global warming, providing a solid scientific foundation for understanding and addressing global climate change and extreme weather events [7].

例如，在北大西洋，异常减弱的副热带高压导致云量减少、混合层变浅，增强的短波辐射和纬向平流为 海洋热浪的持续发展提供了能量支撑；在西南太平洋，地区大气反气旋导致东风增强、西风减弱，进而 增强了海洋热能的经向输送。同时，云量减少使得更多太阳辐射进入海洋，加剧海表变暖；在北太平 洋，短波辐射增强与潜热损失减少共同作用，叠加变浅的混合层，致使海面迅速变暖；在热带东太平 洋，厄尔尼诺驱动的经向、纬向平流及上升流的变化共同加剧了这一区域的海洋增暖。 研究团队提出，构建基于物理机制的预报系统、强化海洋多要素实时监测，以及深入开展极端气候事件 的预警研究，对于应对未来气候风险具有重要现实意义。这项研究成果于北京时间25日凌晨在国际学术 期刊《科学》以"2023年破纪录海洋热浪"为题发表。（完） 新华社宁波7月25日电（记者顾小立）记者从宁波东方理工大学获悉，由该校张东晓教授团队联合南方 科技大学曾振中教授团队及多所国内外高校与科研机构近日开展的一项研究显示，海洋热浪或已成为地 球气候系统临界转变的重要"预警信号"。 2023年海洋热浪在覆盖范围、强度和持续时间上均创历史新高，可能对极端天气事件的频率与强度、海 洋碳汇能力、渔 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the increasing frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves due to climate change, which significantly impacts marine ecosystems [1][2] - A study conducted by researchers from the University of Victoria indicates that from 2014 to 2016, the North American Pacific coast experienced the longest recorded marine heatwave, with sea temperatures exceeding historical averages by 2 to 6 degrees Celsius for extended periods [1] - The research found unprecedented ecological disturbances along thousands of kilometers of the North American West Coast, with 240 species observed outside their traditional geographic ranges, including some species appearing over 1000 kilometers north of their typical habitats [1] Group 2 - The study revealed that marine heatwaves led to significant reductions in kelp and seagrass, unprecedented mortality rates among species such as sea stars and seabirds, and abnormal death events in marine mammals [1] - The cascading effects of marine heatwaves include decreased numbers and nutritional quality of small fish, which further jeopardizes higher-level predators and results in severe economic losses for fisheries [1] - Researchers emphasize the urgent need for proactive ecosystem-based marine protection strategies and measures to mitigate climate change [2]