近日，长江文化南京论坛上，南京长江文化研究院正式发布《长江文化蓝皮书：长江文化发展报告 （2024~2025）》。作为南京市委宣传部指导、市社科联（院）与新华社中国经济信息社联合共建的新 型智库，南京长江文化研究院自2022年成立以来，已逐步构建起跨区域、跨学科的研究网络，连续三年 发布该系列蓝皮书。蓝皮书显示，过去一年来，在社会各界关注和推动下，长江文化文艺创作、学术研 究和传播领域均呈现一些新趋势。 长江主题文艺创作正向"项目化""精品化"转型 2024年以来，在《长江国家文化公园建设保护规划》《长江文化保护传承弘扬规划》等政策引领 下，国家、省、市三级联动，共同推动长江主题文艺创作向"项目化""精品化"转型。 国家层面，通过完善文艺创作生产机制，利用艺术基金扶持和重大文艺创作工程统筹，将分散的力 量凝聚成创作合力。2024年，中国艺术研究院"风正一帆悬"创作实践活动、中国国家画院长江主题美术 创作等规模化采风创作项目相继落地，不仅激发了艺术家的创作热情，更推动了长江主题文艺创作的精 品化、专业化发展。 省市层面，各地积极搭建创作平台，聚焦地域特色，深耕长江文化题材，推出了重庆奉节美术名家 采风、九江"长 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights five significant research papers published in the journal Cell, with four originating from Chinese scholars, focusing on advancements in DNA sensors, anti-aging potential through protein restriction, new antidepressant molecules, and cancer cell immune evasion mechanisms [3]. Group 1: SARM1 and DNA Sensing - The research from Dalian Medical University reveals that SARM1 can sense double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and induce cell death by degrading NAD+ in a sequence-independent manner [5][6]. - SARM1's interaction with dsDNA is crucial for its activation, and its gene knockout can prevent chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in mice [5][6]. Group 2: Protein Restriction and Aging - The study from West Lake University presents a comprehensive proteomic landscape of aging, showing that protein restriction can reshape the protein expression and epigenomic states associated with aging [9][10]. - The findings suggest that midlife is the optimal period for protein restriction interventions, which are linked to improved cardiovascular health and reduced inflammation risks [9][10]. Group 3: Norepinephrine Transporter and Antidepressants - Research from Lingang Laboratory identifies conformation-selective regulatory mechanisms of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and proposes a new inhibitor recognition mechanism [14]. - The study led to the discovery of a small molecule with antidepressant activity, providing a structural basis for understanding NET and other monoamine transporters [14]. Group 4: Cancer Cell Immune Evasion - The research from Fudan University reveals that cancer cells can exploit inter-organ neuroimmune circuits to evade immune surveillance by activating pain-sensing neurons [18][20]. - This mechanism involves the secretion of SLIT2, which enhances tumor-associated macrophage polarization towards a pro-tumor state, thereby promoting tumor growth and reducing the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapies [18][20]. Group 5: Coronavirus Replication Mechanisms - A study from Tsinghua University elucidates the molecular mechanisms of RNA template recycling and capping in SARS-CoV-2, resolving long-standing debates in the field [23][24]. - The research captures critical pre-capping and post-capping initiation states, enhancing the understanding of RNA virus transcription and replication processes [23][24].

Group 1 - The "Electric Power Industry Party Building Ideological and Political Work Innovation Research Institute" was officially established, aiming to enhance Marxist theory research and improve service capabilities in the industry [1] - The summit attracted over 100 experts and scholars from more than 30 universities and over 10 research institutions, indicating a strong collaborative effort in the field of Marxist studies [1][2] Group 2 - The summit emphasized the importance of high-quality academic output in philosophy and social sciences, with a focus on building a robust theoretical framework for the modernization of Marxism in China [2] - The current transformation in China's energy and electricity sector requires innovative theoretical guidance to meet the growing demands and challenges in energy security [2][3] Group 3 - The summit featured discussions on the integration of theory and practice in the power industry, aiming to create a new paradigm that combines theoretical insights with practical applications [3] - Various experts highlighted the significance of deepening academic exchanges and collaborations to foster the development of philosophy and social sciences in the capital [3] Group 4 - The main forum of the summit focused on the study of Xi Jinping's important thoughts on party building, with nearly 200 experts and young scholars contributing to the discussions [4] - The core mission of 21st-century Marxism is to address critical questions related to China and the world, emphasizing the need for a modern interpretation of Marxism that aligns with Chinese characteristics [5][6] Group 5 - The summit included five sub-forums covering topics such as the study of Xi Jinping's thoughts on party building, the theory of Marxism in the context of state-owned enterprises, and the integration of historical speeches into ideological education [7] - Nearly 700 papers were submitted from experts across the country, with around 100 selected for awards, showcasing the active engagement in research and discourse [7]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three scholars who highlighted the critical role of technological and scientific innovation in driving economic growth, emphasizing the importance of continuous investment in basic research for long-term economic advancement [2][5][3]. Group 1: Nobel Prize Winners and Their Contributions - The prize was shared equally between Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt, who revealed how technology and scientific innovation interact with market competition to foster economic growth [5][7]. - Joel Mokyr's research demonstrated the self-reinforcing relationship between scientific breakthroughs and technological applications, which is essential for sustained economic growth [7][11]. - Aghion and Howitt developed a pioneering mathematical model in the 1990s that explains how firms improve production processes and introduce higher-quality products through R&D investments, ultimately replacing established market leaders [8][30]. Group 2: Historical Context and Economic Growth - Historically, economic growth was sporadic, with little change in living standards until the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, which initiated a self-reinforcing cycle of innovation and economic growth [21][22]. - Over the past two centuries, many countries have maintained an average economic growth rate of about 2%, which, due to compounding effects, results in significant income increases over decades [23][25]. - Joseph Schumpeter's concept of "creative destruction" explains that economic progress is driven by innovation that disrupts existing industries and creates new growth opportunities [26][28]. Group 3: Mechanisms of Innovation and Economic Dynamics - Mokyr identified two types of "useful knowledge" that drive innovation: propositional knowledge (understanding natural laws) and normative knowledge (practical guidelines) [30][29]. - Aghion and Howitt's model illustrates that the continuous replacement of old firms with new ones is a key engine of economic growth, as new companies strive to innovate and outperform established players [34][36]. - The rise of AI is currently instigating another wave of creative destruction, reinforcing the relevance of the Nobel laureates' research [40][41]. Group 4: Implications of Innovation - Innovation leads to the emergence of new winners while potentially sidelining others, raising concerns about job displacement and inequality [41][42]. - A robust policy framework is necessary to manage the effects of innovation and prevent market failures, ensuring that the mechanisms behind creative destruction are maintained [43][44].

Core Insights - Glenn Most is a prominent classical scholar with a diverse academic background spanning the United States, Germany, and Italy, focusing on ancient Greek literature, comparative literature, and cultural studies [1][3][4] Academic Journey - Most initially intended to study biophysics at Harvard but shifted to modern literature and philosophy, eventually pursuing classical studies to understand the roots of modern works [3][4] - He holds two PhDs, one in comparative literature from Yale and another in ancient Greek literature from Tübingen, reflecting his deep interest in the concept of "poetic truth" [4][5] Teaching Experience - Most has taught at various prestigious institutions, including universities in the U.S., Germany, and Italy, noting differences in academic culture and structure between American and European universities [5][6] - He emphasizes the collaborative nature of research and teaching in American universities compared to the more hierarchical structure in European institutions [5] Evolution of Classical Studies - Classical studies have faced challenges since World War II, struggling to maintain their authority and prestige amid the overall decline of the humanities [6][7] - Most observes a shift in classical studies towards integrating modern methodologies, such as structuralism and gender studies, although this has not fully restored the field's former status [6][7] Philology and Methodology - Most's interest in philology grew from his experiences in Tübingen, where he recognized the importance of philologists in understanding classical texts [7][8] - He collaborated on a new translation of Wolf's "Prolegomena ad Homerum," aiming to bring this core text to a broader audience, highlighting the significance of teamwork in academic projects [8][9] Academic Practices - Most defines philology as a professional study of authoritative texts, linking it to historical and ethical dimensions in education [9][10] - He believes that philology should be understood as both a professional discipline and a collection of evolving values and interpretative practices [10][11] Influence of the Leibniz Prize - Winning the Leibniz Prize allowed Most to promote classical studies in directions he deemed important, leading to the publication of the "Aporemata" series, which discusses key methodologies in classical studies [11][12] Interdisciplinary Collaboration - Most emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing the challenges posed by ancient technical texts, advocating for a collective approach to research [12][15] - He has organized projects that bring together experts from various fields to explore the connections between ancient mathematics and other disciplines [15][18] Comparative Classical Studies - Most identifies as a comparative scholar, believing that understanding ancient Greek literature requires comparative analysis with other literary traditions [18][19] - He advocates for integrating Greek and Roman studies into broader comparative and global classical studies, especially in light of institutional challenges [19][21]

Core Insights - The article discusses the release of the "World's Top 2% Scientists" list for 2025, highlighting the impact and achievements of researchers in various fields, particularly in pathology [3][5]. Group 1: Overview of the Ranking - The ranking is a collaboration between Stanford University and Elsevier, focusing on both lifetime scientific influence and annual achievements of researchers [3]. - The data is sourced from Scopus, analyzing over 21.9 million author profiles to select the top 2% of scientists based on citation metrics and H-index [3]. Group 2: Notable Chinese Scientists in Pathology - Five Chinese experts were recognized in the "Lifetime Scientific Influence" category in pathology: Chen Guozhang, Bian Xiuwu, Li Tiejun, Ding Yanqing, and Lai Maode [5]. - Nine Chinese scholars were included in the "Annual Scientific Influence" list for pathology, with notable names such as Chen Guozhang, Bian Xiuwu, and Li Tiejun [5].

Core Points - The Fudan University International Academic Forum celebrating the 100th anniversary of its history department was successfully held from September 12 to 14, focusing on the theme "The Web of Humanity: China and the World in History" [1][32] - The forum featured experts and scholars from over ten universities and research institutions, including Harvard University, Peking University, and Tokyo University, who presented various reports [1][32] Group 1 - The opening ceremony was hosted by Professor Qiu Luming, the director of the Fudan University History Department, with a welcoming speech by Jin Li, the president of Fudan University, who emphasized the forum as a showcase of the department's achievements and a new starting point for future academic collaboration [2][3] - The first session included presentations on "Historical Space," with notable contributions from Peter K. Bol of Harvard University, who discussed geographical patterns in Chinese history, and other scholars who explored regional theories and the significance of geographical contexts in understanding history [5][6][7] Group 2 - The afternoon sessions featured discussions on the Silk Road and cultural exchanges between China and the West, highlighting the long-term impacts of the Silk Road on Chinese society and the continuous nature of these exchanges despite historical interruptions [7][8] - Scholars also examined the historical significance of trade and its role in shaping interactions between China and Europe, particularly during the 18th century, emphasizing the dual nature of trade as both a peaceful and conflictual force [17][18] Group 3 - The forum included discussions on the evolution of Chinese thought and its interactions with global ideas, with presentations addressing the historical transformations in Chinese philosophy and the implications of these changes for modern Chinese identity [23][24][25] - The final sessions focused on the historical context of modern revolutions, particularly the American Revolution, and its influence on subsequent revolutionary movements, emphasizing the importance of understanding these events within a broader historical framework [30][31]

Core Insights - On September 3, 2025, a total of 27 papers were published in the prestigious journal Nature, with 8 of them authored by Chinese scholars, highlighting the significant contribution of Chinese researchers to global scientific discourse [3][5][7][8][10][11][13][15]. Group 1: Research Contributions - The paper titled "Cas9 senses CRISPR RNA abundance to regulate CRISPR spacer acquisition" was published by researchers from the University of Michigan, with Zhang Yan and Hou Zhonggang as co-corresponding authors and Zhou Xufei as the first author [3]. - The study "Divergent evolutionary strategies pre-empt tissue collision in gastrulation" was authored by Yu-Chiun Wang from RIKEN, showcasing innovative evolutionary strategies [5]. - "Single-cell transcriptomic and genomic changes in the ageing human brain" was published by researchers from the University of Massachusetts Medical School, with Wang Zhiping and Tianxiong Yu as co-first authors [7]. - The research "Spatial joint profiling of DNA methylome and transcriptome in tissues" was conducted by scholars from the University of Pennsylvania, with Yanxiang Deng and Wanding Zhou as co-corresponding authors [8]. - The paper "3D-printed micro ion trap technology for quantum information applications" was co-authored by Shuqi Xu from UC Berkeley and Xiaoxing Xia from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [10]. - "Supervised learning in DNA neural networks" was published by Lulu Qian from Caltech, contributing to advancements in neural network applications [11]. - The study "PICALM Alzheimer's risk allele causes aberrant lipid droplets in microglia" was authored by researchers from the Endeavor Health Research Center and the University of Chicago, with Jubao Duan as the corresponding author [13]. - The research "Seismic detection of a 600-km solid inner core in Mars" was led by Professor Sun Daoyuan from the University of Science and Technology of China, marking a significant advancement in planetary science [15].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the unprecedented marine heatwaves experienced globally in 2023, highlighting their record duration, coverage, and intensity, which are linked to climate change and have significant ecological impacts [1][3][7]. Group 1: Marine Heatwaves Overview - In 2023, global marine heatwaves (MHW) surged dramatically, setting new records in duration, coverage, and intensity, with a cumulative marine heatwave activity intensity reaching 53.6 billion ℃ days km², deviating more than three standard deviations from historical norms since 1982 [5]. - Significant events included the North Atlantic heatwave, occurring once every 276 years, and the Southwest Pacific heatwave, occurring once every 141 years [5]. Group 2: Research Findings - A study published in the journal Science by researchers from Ningbo University and Southern University of Science and Technology revealed the distribution characteristics, evolution patterns, and key physical driving mechanisms of the extreme marine heatwaves in 2023 [2][3]. - The research established a diagnostic framework based on high-resolution ocean reanalysis data, quantitatively characterizing the unprecedented features of marine heatwaves in terms of intensity, duration, and spatial coverage [7]. Group 3: Key Driving Mechanisms - The study identified different driving mechanisms for marine heatwaves in four key ocean regions: - The North Atlantic and North Pacific are primarily driven by enhanced shortwave radiation flux and shallower mixed layers - The Southwest Pacific is dominated by reduced cloud cover and enhanced advection - The Tropical East Pacific is influenced by oceanic advection [5][7]. Group 4: Implications - The findings underscore the escalating ecological impacts of global warming, providing a solid scientific foundation for understanding and addressing global climate change and extreme weather events [7].

Core Insights - The 2025 International Conference on Basic Sciences opened in Beijing, focusing on the theme "Focusing on Basic Sciences, Leading the Future of Humanity" with participation from numerous international award winners and experts in the field [1][3]. Group 1: Conference Overview - The conference features over 80 academicians, more than 10 representatives from various national mathematical societies, and nearly 1,000 experts and students from academic organizations and research institutions worldwide [1]. - The event will run from July 13 to July 25, 2025, including multiple specialized reports, forums, and youth activities covering mathematics, physics, information science, and engineering [7]. Group 2: Awards and Recognitions - The "Lifetime Achievement Award in Basic Sciences" was presented to six distinguished scholars, including Nobel laureates Samuel Chao Chung Ting, Steven Chu, and David Jonathan Gross, as well as Turing Award winner Robert Endre Tarjan, Fields Medalist Shigefumi Mori, and Wolf Prize winner George Lusztig [3][5]. - The award aims to recognize significant contributions and ongoing leadership in the fields of mathematics, physics, and information science [3]. Group 3: Key Remarks - The conference chair, Shing-Tung Yau, emphasized the breakthroughs in basic sciences and the importance of international collaboration in advancing research [3]. - Nobel laureate Samuel Chao Chung Ting highlighted the necessity of proposing unprecedented questions in basic research, reflecting on over fifty years of his research journey [5]. - David Jonathan Gross expressed his satisfaction with the rapid development of basic sciences in China, particularly in fostering collaboration between American and Chinese physicists [5].