很难想象，中国武侠小说中"重剑无锋，大巧不工"的武道，会与美国双诺奖得主、化学家巴里·夏普利 斯"化繁为简"的化学理念不谋而合。更巧妙的是，"无锋"恰好对应了夏普利斯的姓氏之意 （Sharpless）。 他的学生们称夏普利斯教授是"社恐"，喜欢窝在办公室，不太适应站在聚光灯下的感觉。但一聊到化 学，他立刻打开话匣子——从化学反应到自然法则，从科学哲学到童年回忆，夏普利斯在词语间跳跃、 舞蹈，说到兴头时还会双手大力做手势。 在元素周期表中"钓鱼" 马纳斯宽河在美国新泽西东部汇入大西洋，这个海湾的夏天总浸在咸湿的阳光里，这是夏普利斯小时候 出海的地方，也是他最初的实验室。 6岁时，父亲送了他一艘小艇，船上的舷外发动机给了他最初通往大海的动力。他自称是"资深的少年渔 民"，但让他兴奋的并不是钓到大鱼——而是寻找泥沙底层的蠕虫，"找到不被轻易察觉的新生物，满足 好奇心，是我此生最大的乐趣。" 20世纪70年代在麻省理工学院工作时，夏普利斯对"有趣化学反应"开展了漫长的追寻，自称在元素周期 表中"钓鱼"。尽管在29岁时因实验室事故丧失一眼视力，如今又需借助助听器交流，他依然顽强地向化 学的海洋中甩去"钓竿"。多年来，果 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that the value of scientific research should be measured by academic contributions rather than the prestige of publication platforms, challenging the prevailing "top journal worship" mentality in the academic community [5][6][7]. Group 1: Nobel Prize and Research Value - Nobel Prize winners often face skepticism, yet their groundbreaking work can be recognized regardless of publication venue [3][6]. - The historical context shows that many Nobel-winning research papers were not published in top-tier journals, highlighting the importance of the research's impact over its publication platform [6][7]. - Experts advocate for a reform in academic evaluation systems to focus on originality and methodological breakthroughs rather than solely on publication metrics [7][8]. Group 2: Academic Journal Landscape in China - China's academic journals have proliferated, yet the capacity to publish high-quality international research remains insufficient compared to the demand [9][10]. - Data indicates that in 2023, Chinese authors published 728,700 papers in SCI journals, accounting for about one-third of global output, but only 33,400 were published in Chinese SCI journals [9][10]. - The need for a national-level publishing platform is emphasized to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese academic journals against major international publishers [10][11]. Group 3: Future Directions for Chinese Academic Journals - The National Natural Science Foundation of China mandates that at least 20% of papers from approved projects should be published in domestic journals [11]. - Developing domestic academic journals is seen as crucial for establishing the authority in defining and evaluating research value [11][12]. - There is a call for Chinese journals to focus on unique scientific issues relevant to China, promoting innovative and non-consensus research [12].

Core Viewpoint - The value of scientific research should be assessed based on academic contributions rather than the publication platform, as emphasized by various experts in the field [3][4][5]. Group 1: Scientific Research Evaluation - Nobel Prize winners often have their significant work published in less prestigious journals, highlighting that groundbreaking research does not always appear in top-tier publications [3][4]. - The prevailing "top journal worship" is rooted in the evaluation system, where titles and awards are primarily based on publication in high-impact journals [4]. - Experts are calling for a reform in academic evaluation to focus on originality, methodological breakthroughs, and strategic relevance, moving away from the "impact factor trap" [4][5]. Group 2: Development of Academic Journals - China's academic journals should evolve from being mere "paper containers" to sources of knowledge innovation, as the current capacity of high-level international journals does not meet the demand for Chinese authors [5][6]. - The fragmented publishing model in China makes it difficult to compete with major international publishers, necessitating the creation of a national-level publishing platform [6]. - The National Natural Science Foundation of China has mandated that at least 20% of papers resulting from funded projects should be published in domestic scientific journals by 2025 [7]. Group 3: Unique Contributions and Challenges - Domestic academic journals are encouraged to focus on unique Chinese scientific issues, such as specific disease spectrums and complex geological structures, to enhance their impact [8]. - There is a need to support "non-consensus innovations" that may initially seem unconventional but are logically sound and imaginative, requiring strong editorial judgment [8].

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi for their contributions to the development of metal-organic frameworks [1] Group 1: Awardees Background - Susumu Kitagawa, born in 1951, is affiliated with Kyoto University and focuses on the fundamental research and application development of metal-organic framework materials [3] - Richard Robson, born in 1937, works at the University of Melbourne and has made significant contributions to the theoretical foundations of metal-organic frameworks [6] - Omar M. Yaghi is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, known for major breakthroughs in the synthesis methods and practical applications of metal-organic frameworks [9] Group 2: Nobel Prize History - As of October 2024, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 116 times to 197 recipients, with 63 awards given to individuals, 25 shared by two, and 28 shared by three [12] - Notable statistics include 8 years where the award was not given, 9 years of delayed awards, and the recognition of 8 female laureates [12] - The youngest laureate was Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie, who won at age 35 in 1935, while the oldest was John Goodenough, awarded at age 97 for his work on lithium batteries [12] Group 3: Recent Nobel Prize Winners - In 2024, half of the prize was awarded to David Baker, with the other half shared by Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for their contributions to protein design and structure prediction [13] - The 2023 prize was awarded to Mogi Bawendi, Louis Brus, and Alexei Ekimov for their discovery and synthesis of quantum dots [14] - In 2022, the award went to Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and Carolyn Bertozzi for their work in click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry [15]

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi for their contributions to the development of metal-organic frameworks [1] Group 1 - As of October 2024, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 116 times to 197 recipients, with 63 awards given to individuals, 25 shared by two, and 28 shared by three [2] - Notable statistics include 8 years where the award was not given, 9 years of delayed awards, and the fact that 2 individuals have won the prize twice [2] - The youngest laureate was Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie, who won at age 35 in 1935, while the oldest was John Goodenough, who won at age 97 and passed away in June 2023 at the age of 100 [2] Group 2 - Recent Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry include David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper in 2024 for their work in protein design and structure prediction [3] - In 2023, the prize was awarded to Mogi Bawendi, Louis Bruce, and Alexei Ekimov for their discovery and synthesis of quantum dots [4] - The 2022 award went to Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and Carolyn Bertozzi for their contributions to click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry [4]

Core Viewpoint - Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, prompting the search for new targeted therapies, particularly antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) which show promise in delivering chemotherapy directly to cancer cells while minimizing side effects [2][3]. Group 1: Current ADC Limitations - Current ADCs have a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of only 2-8, limiting the range of chemotherapy drugs that can be used, as only highly potent drugs can be selected [2][6]. - The limited DAR means that ADCs cannot utilize a broader spectrum of less potent chemotherapy drugs, which constrains treatment options [6]. Group 2: Introduction of ABC Technology - The newly developed antibody-bottlebrush prodrug conjugates (ABC) offer modular synthesis and a significantly higher DAR, allowing for a wider range of effective payloads, including less potent chemotherapy drugs [3][9]. - ABC technology enables the delivery of hundreds of prodrug molecules via a single antibody, enhancing the customization and diversity of drug combinations [8][9]. Group 3: Experimental Results - In preclinical models, ABCs demonstrated superior efficacy in eliminating tumors compared to traditional ADCs and non-targeted prodrugs, even at very low doses [13][14]. - The study showed that ABCs outperformed FDA-approved ADCs like T-DXd and TDM-1, indicating a potential for enhanced treatment outcomes [14]. Group 4: Future Directions - The research team plans to explore combinations of different chemotherapy drugs with varying mechanisms to improve overall efficacy [14]. - There is potential for using various monoclonal antibodies, as over 100 have been approved, to create new targeted cancer therapies through the ABC platform [14].