以下为研究报告摘要： 2025Q2美国页岩油资本开支及产量指引变化 暨4月份关税政策影响油价后，美国页岩油公司在Q1季报中均纷纷下调全年的资本开支 及产量指引，Q2大体延续Q1时给的全年指引。 现金流下降，倾斜配置维持股东回报 天风证券近日发布石油石化行业专题研究：根据RBN统计的39家页岩油气公司桶油税前 利润测算历年盈亏平衡成本，拉长周期看，盈亏平衡成本有所提升，2025Q2E&P公司盈亏 平衡成本54.5美金/boe。油价疲软开始影响油公司的利润和现金流，公司注重资本开支的效 率、还债，公司在这些方面的现金流流出明显得到改善，使得公司能够维持历史上较高的股 息和股票回购计划。 意味着之前我们分析的美国页岩油产量增长的驱动因子减少一项——收并购协同效应带 来的产量超预期，同时页岩油公司还削减了资本开支，仅依赖于效率的提升（除非AI带来 超预期的技术提升），我们预计美国页岩油产量实现增长可能较为困难。若WTI维持在60美 金/桶，页岩油产量可能略有下降，但若低于60美金/桶，页岩油产量可能出现明显下降。 盈亏平衡成本测算 根据RBN统计的39家页岩油气公司桶油税前利润测算历年盈亏平衡成本，拉长周期看， 盈亏 ...

Investment Rating - Industry Rating: Outperform the Market (maintained rating) [4] Core Viewpoints - The report indicates that U.S. shale oil companies have adjusted their capital expenditure and production guidance for 2025 Q2, largely maintaining the guidance provided in Q1 due to the impact of tariff policies on oil prices [10][11]. - Cash flow pressures are increasing for shale oil companies due to weak oil prices, leading to a focus on capital expenditure efficiency and debt repayment, which has improved cash flow outflows, allowing companies to maintain historically high dividends and stock buyback plans [2][14]. - The breakeven cost for exploration and production (E&P) companies has increased over time, with the estimated breakeven cost for 2025 Q2 at $54.5 per barrel of oil equivalent (boe), higher than the $52.7 per boe in 2018 [3][40]. Summary by Sections 1. Changes in Capital Expenditure and Production Guidance for U.S. Shale Oil in 2025 Q2 - U.S. shale oil companies have generally not changed their annual capital expenditure and production guidance in Q2, following adjustments made in Q1 [10][11]. 2. Declining Cash Flow and Focus on Shareholder Returns 2.1. Cash Flow Pressure from Declining Oil Prices - The report notes that cash flow pressures are rising as oil prices decline, with unit cash flow for oil-weighted companies in 2025 Q2 at $27.2 per boe, similar to levels seen in 2018 [13][14]. 2.2. Optimizing Cash Flow Distribution to Stabilize Dividends - Companies are prioritizing cash flow distribution to maintain production, repay debt, and enhance shareholder returns, even amidst declining oil prices [16]. 2.3. Increased Leverage from Mergers and Acquisitions - The report highlights a wave of mergers and acquisitions in 2024, which has increased leverage ratios for oil-weighted companies, while companies are also divesting non-core assets to repay debt [22][26]. 2.4. Adjusting Cash Flow Distribution Ratios - In 2025 Q2, E&P companies reported $25.5 billion in operating cash flow, down 12% from Q1, while maintaining dividend payments despite cash flow declines [31]. 3. Breakeven Cost Assessment - The report indicates that the long-term breakeven cost for shale oil companies has risen, with the 2025 Q2 breakeven cost at $54.5 per boe, reflecting a decline in resource endowment [40]. 4. Conclusion - Shale oil companies are facing downward pressure on cash flow and profits due to a soft oil market, leading to adjustments in cash flow distribution and a focus on maintaining shareholder returns [46].