撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 在生命进化的浩瀚画卷中，鲜有生物创新能像 有氧呼吸 那样深刻地改变生命存在的轨迹。有氧呼吸在数十亿年前出现，利用了富含能量的氧气，进而引发了一系 列复杂性的连锁反应，最终导致多细胞生物的崛起。这一进化里程碑与地球大气中氧气含量的重大变化紧密相关。通过优化细胞内电子转移过程的效率，有氧呼 吸释放出了前所未有的能量产出，这些生化进步为 寒武纪大爆发 奠定了基础，这一关键事件见证了生命形式的惊人多样化，复杂的 神经系统 也在这时期出现。 神经系统对于 快速的信息处理和生存行为至关重要，但其对能量的需求极大，给生物体带来了巨大的代谢负担。但有趣的是，这种代谢负担似乎推动了 睡眠行为 的进化。然而， 我们为何必须要睡眠 ？ 睡眠行为的生物学起源是什么 ？直到现在依然是未解之谜。 睡眠 是一种在所有动物物种中都得以保留的不可或缺的行为， 长期睡眠剥夺会导致死亡。之前的研究认为，睡眠发挥着神经元突触维护以及记忆巩固等功能，但 越来越多的证据表明，睡眠的背后有着一个古老的代谢需求。 近日，牛津大学的研究人员在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为： Mitochondrial o ...

Core Viewpoint - The research indicates that sleep is essential for preventing the disruption of the brain phosphoproteome, which is crucial for survival [2][3]. Group 1: Importance of Sleep - Sleep is an indispensable behavior preserved across all animal species, and long-term sleep deprivation (Pr-SD) can lead to mortality in various species [1]. - The core molecular basis linking sleep deprivation-induced lethality and sleep homeostasis in mammals remains unclear [8]. Group 2: Mechanisms and Functions of Sleep - Numerous factors affecting sleep duration or quality have been reported, including biological clock genes, neural circuits, specific kinase signaling pathways, and neurotransmitters [6]. - Research has identified several functions related to sleep, such as cognition, metabolic waste clearance, metabolism, and immune function [6]. Group 3: Research Methodology - The Disk-over-water (DOW) method is utilized to study sleep deprivation by placing animals on a disk above water, forcing them to stay awake [10]. - The study observed an "irreversible point" (PONE) state in rats during DOW experiments, characterized by irreversible mortality even after sleep deprivation is terminated [11]. Group 4: Findings on PONE State - Analysis of the PONE state revealed that the balance of the brain phosphoproteome is critical for sleep regulation and the mortality caused by Pr-SD [12]. - Mice in the PONE state were unable to enter natural sleep, and their brain phosphoproteome exhibited significant disruption, closely related to the PONE state rather than the duration of sleep deprivation [13]. Group 5: Implications for Sleep and Health - Dysfunction in brain kinases or phosphatases affects the development of the PONE state and leads to corresponding sleep abnormalities [14]. - Restorative sleep of 80 minutes daily can significantly delay cognitive decline and restore the brain phosphoproteome [14]. - The findings suggest that sleep is vital for maintaining the homeostasis of the brain phosphoproteome, and its disruption may influence lethality caused by long-term sleep deprivation [14].