随着 年龄增长 ，患上诸如 癌症 、 心血管疾病 以及 痴呆症 等严重疾病的风险会大幅上升。随着全球范围 内的人类老龄化，更好地理解贯穿一生的衰老过程变得愈发紧迫。 对个体 从出生到衰老相关死亡进行持续观察，可为我们带来对衰老这一动态过程的根本见解，然而，脊椎 动物的衰老时间跨度很长，往往难以对脊椎动物进行贯穿一生的持续性观察。 2026 年 3 月 12 日，"光遗传学之父"、斯坦福大学 Karl Deisseroth 教授在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上 发表了题为： Lifelong behavioral screen reveals an architecture of vertebrate aging 的研究论文。 该研究追踪了模式生物 非洲青鳉鱼 从青春期到死亡的整个过程，结果表明， 睡眠模式 和 活动水平 能够 预测寿命长短 ——清醒 时更活跃者相比懒散者往往活得更久，将睡眠时间限制在晚间者也比那些白天多睡 者活得更久。 这项研究提示了我们，在生命早期的行为也能预测未来寿命，在疾病出现迹象之前很久，就可能估算出衰 老的发展情况。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 在人类以及其他动物中 ...

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of a points-based governance system in People's Village, Pudong New District, Shanghai, has transformed local community engagement and contributed to rural revitalization by fostering a sense of ownership among residents [1][3][10]. Group 1: Points-Based Governance System - The points system was developed through community consultation, allowing residents to participate in creating rules that reflect their needs and values [3][4]. - The governance process includes a transparent scoring mechanism involving community members, which has shifted attitudes from compliance to active participation [3][4]. - The village has expanded the points redemption options to include various services and goods, enhancing the perceived value of participation [4][5]. Group 2: Economic Development Initiatives - The village has secured land for commercial development, opting for a model that ensures stable income through fixed rent and profit sharing, rather than high-risk partnerships [7][9]. - A "Science and Technology Innovation Courtyard" has been established, attracting diverse enterprises that contribute to local economic growth and job creation [7][9]. - Collaborations with local agricultural experts have led to increased income for farmers through structured support for crop production, significantly improving household earnings [9]. Group 3: Community Engagement and Cultural Initiatives - The village has utilized local theater to educate residents about the points system, effectively increasing community buy-in and participation [4][5]. - Continuous improvement and adaptation of governance strategies are emphasized to maintain community satisfaction and engagement over time [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of international biological cooperation for resource integration and technological sharing, while highlighting the potential risks associated with the loss of human genetic resources and core research data, which could pose significant threats to national security [1] Group 1: Biological Data Security Risks - Biological data may become a "biological bomb" as foreign entities could exploit "academic cooperation" or "public projects" to obtain unapproved biological samples from domestic institutions, potentially leading to the loss of valuable biological samples that could impact gene patents and biopharmaceuticals [2] - The leakage of genetic data poses a crisis as it can be used to analyze the health status, genetic weaknesses, and population structure of the Chinese population, creating a "biological map" that could aid in the development of targeted biotechnologies [2] - Research in biology heavily relies on information technology and automation, with equipment from foreign companies potentially containing "backdoors" that could serve as hidden channels for data theft, threatening the security of biological research data [2] Group 2: Prevention of Biological Data Security Risks - The "Biological Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" imposes strict regulations on the collection and preservation of human genetic resources, prohibiting foreign organizations from obtaining or providing these resources without prior approval from relevant authorities [3] - International scientific research cooperation involving Chinese biological resources must ensure substantial participation from Chinese entities and researchers, with legal sharing of related rights [3] Group 3: National Security Agency Alerts - The security of biological data is crucial for national security, necessitating that international biological cooperation and cross-border data transmission be conducted in accordance with laws and regulations [4] - Industry professionals are urged to resist illegal data sharing and remain vigilant against foreign entities that may disguise data theft as research collaboration [4] - The public and researchers are encouraged to report any suspicious activities related to biological data leakage or illegal sample transfers that may threaten national security [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of safeguarding biological data and resources in the context of international cooperation, highlighting potential risks to national security from unauthorized access and misuse of genetic and biological information [1][2]. Group 1: Biological Data Security Risks - Cross-border biological cooperation can lead to the loss of critical genetic resources, which may be exploited by foreign entities for harmful purposes, including the development of biological weapons [2]. - Genetic data, essential for medical research and public health, poses a risk if leaked, as it could be used to analyze the health status and vulnerabilities of the population, creating a "biological map" for targeted biotechnological applications [2]. - Research heavily relies on technology, and equipment from foreign companies may contain "backdoors" that allow for unauthorized data access, threatening the security of biological research data [2]. Group 2: Regulatory Framework - The "Biological Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" strictly regulates the collection and preservation of human genetic resources, prohibiting foreign organizations from accessing these resources without prior approval [3]. - Any sharing of genetic resource information with foreign entities must be reported to the relevant health authorities, ensuring that international research collaborations involve substantial participation from Chinese entities [3]. Group 3: National Security Agency Warnings - The National Security Agency stresses that biological data security is crucial for national safety, urging compliance with laws governing cross-border data transmission and cooperation [4]. - Professionals in the field are advised to resist illegal data sharing and remain vigilant against foreign entities that may disguise data theft as research collaboration [4].

Core Insights - Scientists at the Scripps Research Institute have developed a novel method to directly measure the thickness of real cell membranes, revealing subtle changes in membrane structure and state, which could pave the way for advancements in cell biology research and drug development [1][3] Group 1: Methodology and Findings - The new method combines surface metrology calculations with high-resolution imaging techniques and advanced image analysis algorithms to measure the three-dimensional structure of cell membranes in situ, under near-physiological conditions [3][4] - The research team applied this method to animal and yeast cells, discovering that the outer membrane of mitochondria is generally thinner than the inner membrane, suggesting a relationship with lipid composition and functional specialization [4] - In mammalian cells, the thickness of the mitochondrial inner membrane in the cristae regions is significantly greater than in flat areas, indicating potential protein enrichment or unique biophysical regulatory mechanisms in these high-curvature regions [4] Group 2: Implications for Cell Biology - The findings suggest that cell membranes are not static barriers but dynamic systems that interact closely with surrounding proteins and the cytoskeleton, providing deeper insights into how various cellular components work together [4]

Core Insights - Greenland sharks exhibit signs of cardiac aging at a young age but maintain heart function, indicating an evolutionary adaptation to chronic oxidative damage [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - Researchers analyzed heart samples from six Greenland sharks aged between 100 to 150 years, revealing significant fibrosis and accumulation of oxidative damage markers, specifically lipofuscin and 3-nitrotyrosine [1] - Despite the presence of these aging markers, the sharks were in good health and showed no abnormalities in physiological function, suggesting robust myocardial cell vitality [1] Group 2: Implications - The ability of Greenland sharks to withstand chronic oxidative damage without a decline in heart function may be crucial for their exceptional longevity, providing new insights for improving heart health in the elderly [2]

Core Insights - A recent study from Nanjing Agricultural University has been highlighted in Cell Press, focusing on the evolution of protein domains and their combinations, providing insights into the origin and diversification of land plants [2][4]. Summary by Sections - The research identifies protein domains as the fundamental units determining function at the protein level, originating from ancient single-exon genes. These domains can form standalone proteins or combine with others to create chimeric proteins, allowing for the evolution of diverse protein functions through domain rearrangement [6]. - The study analyzed 446 genomes covering all major plant lineages, revealing that the number of identified domains and domain combinations in land plants exceeds that found in algae. The early evolution of land plants involved the acquisition of novel "core" protein domains, enriching the genomic toolkit necessary for transitioning from unicellular to multicellular organisms and adapting to terrestrial life [6][8]. - After conquering land, the number of ancestral core domains in land plants has continued to decrease, while the number of acquired non-core domains has increased. This, along with enhanced domain rearrangement activities, has led to a greater diversity of proteins [6]. - The research team suggests that the loss of existing genetic elements (core domains) may not always be detrimental, as it could reduce evolutionary constraints, paving the way for biological innovation and adaptation to changing environments [6][8].

Core Insights - A recent study by researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem reveals genetic mechanisms involved in early brain development and identifies a previously unknown pathogenic gene linked to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study, conducted in collaboration with the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, utilized CRISPR gene-editing technology to systematically "turn off" nearly 20,000 genes during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neurons, creating a "functional map" of essential genes for brain development [1] - A total of 331 genes were identified as crucial for normal neuron formation, with many of these genes previously unrecognized in relation to early brain development [1][2] - The research confirmed that the PEDS1 gene is a key factor in causing a specific neurodevelopmental disorder, as rare mutations in this gene were found in children with severe neurodevelopmental issues, including developmental delays and reduced brain volume [1] Group 2: Implications - The comprehensive mapping of genes necessary for brain development provides a significant tool for discovering additional genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders [2] - This research lays the groundwork for understanding the mechanisms of brain development and establishes a genetic framework for early diagnosis and future precision treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders [2]

Group 1 - The core finding of the research indicates that female house mice choose mates based on their own innovation abilities, preferring males with opposite traits, which contributes to maintaining variation in innovation within the population [3][6][10] - The study observed that approximately 23% of the mice were classified as "innovators," and the mating ratio between innovators and non-innovators was 45% higher than expected based on random mating [6][10] - The research highlights the significance of disassortative mating, where individuals prefer partners with contrasting characteristics, challenging the notion of "like attracts like" in mate selection [6][10] Group 2 - The experimental design involved placing 139 wild house mice in semi-natural enclosures and observing their mating behaviors over six months, with problem-solving tasks to access food [6][9] - Results showed that non-innovative female mice preferred to associate with innovative males, while innovative females showed the opposite preference, indicating a clear differentiation in mate choice based on innovation ability [10][12] - The study also revealed a trade-off for male mice between innovation ability and body size, with innovative males being smaller, which is a recognized competitive advantage in rodent species [12][15] Group 3 - The research provides insights into how sexual selection through balancing selection maintains behavioral diversity, preventing the fixation of innovation traits in the population [15][16] - It emphasizes the importance of considering both male and female traits in understanding mate selection, as overlooking female innovation ability could lead to incorrect conclusions about male preferences [16][17] - The findings suggest potential implications for understanding how animals adapt to rapidly changing environments, and raise questions about similar "complementary" mate selection patterns in human societies [17]

Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by Westlake University identifies a significant number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the human brain, revealing their genetic control and implications for complex traits, thus providing new insights into the genetic regulatory mechanisms of non-coding RNAs in relation to brain-related complex traits [2][3][12]. Summary by Sections Research Findings - The study analyzed RNA sequencing data from 2,865 human brain cortex samples, identifying 38,441 lncRNAs and 23,548 circRNAs, with 27,453 lncRNAs and all circRNAs not included in the GENCODE database [3][6]. - It determined 15,362 lncRNAs and 1,312 circRNAs with cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), highlighting the independent nature of eQTLs for lncRNAs and circRNAs compared to their adjacent protein-coding genes [3][7]. - The research found that lncRNA-eQTL and circRNA-eQTL account for an average of 11.14% and 3.20% of the SNP heritability for 14 brain-related complex traits, respectively, compared to 17.19% for protein-coding gene eQTLs [7]. Implications for Complex Traits - The study suggests that certain lncRNAs (e.g., those near VPS45, MAPT, and RGS6) and circRNAs (e.g., those related to GRIN2A) may influence complex traits through non-coding RNA genetic regulation [3][12]. - It integrates lncRNA-eQTL and circRNA-eQTL data with genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, identifying 795 lncRNAs and 8 circRNAs associated with brain-related traits, indicating shared genetic regulatory mechanisms [7][12]. Research Context - The research addresses the challenge of understanding the molecular mechanisms behind GWAS signals, particularly focusing on non-coding regions where many trait-related variants reside [4][5]. - Previous studies have primarily focused on protein-coding genes, leaving a gap in understanding the genetic control mechanisms of non-coding RNAs, especially in the context of brain-related traits and diseases [6][12].