从1900到2025，中国社会经历了从封建帝制瓦解到社会主义建设，再到全球化和深度老龄化时代的剧烈 变迁。 在宏大的社会转型背景下，中国老人的社会形象也在经历着深刻而复杂的蜕变。 从20 世纪初的 "封建老年" 到建国后的"革命老年"、 "劳动者老年"，再到改革开放后的多元化形象，直 至当下积极老龄观主导下的 "新老人"，每一次形象转变都深刻反映了社会结构的变革、价值观念的更 新以及文化认同的重构。 本文通过梳理百年间中国老人社会形象的变迁轨迹，揭示其背后的社会文化动因，为理解当代中国老龄 化社会的深层逻辑提供历史镜鉴。 特别是在2025 年这一 "十四五" 规划收官之年，深入探讨当下中国需要什么样的老人形象，对于构建老 年友好型社会、推进积极应对人口老龄化国家战略具有重要的现实意义。 第一阶段：传统与动荡中的"尊者"与"遗老"（1900-1949） 这一时期，中国社会处在从传统农业社会向现代社会转型的剧痛期，老人形象呈现出鲜明的二元对立特 征：一方面是根植于数千年儒家文化的"尊者"形象，另一方面是新旧交替、社会动荡中产生的"遗 老"或"无助者"形象。 此时传统儒家文化依然占据主导地位，老人形象主要体现为伦理 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the growing importance of the elderly population in the consumer market, with over 300 million individuals aged 60 and above by the end of 2024 in China, highlighting the need to address age discrimination in consumption [1] - The article discusses the necessity of legislative measures to protect the consumption rights of the elderly, such as anti-discrimination clauses in local regulations like the "Shanghai Elderly Care Service Regulations" [1] - It suggests the establishment of a collaborative mechanism involving government support, insurance participation, and corporate engagement to mitigate market risks and encourage elderly consumption [1] Group 2 - The article stresses the importance of enhancing professional service levels for elderly consumers, advocating for the training of specialized service personnel in various sectors [2] - It calls for the development of community-based elderly care resources, shifting the focus from family-centered care to a more socially inclusive approach [2] - The need to change societal perceptions towards aging is highlighted, promoting a positive view of elderly individuals and ensuring their rights and access to services without discrimination [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the development of a comprehensive elderly health service system in Beijing, focusing on "active aging and healthy aging" to address the challenges of an aging population [1][2][3] - By the end of 2024, the standardized health management service rate for elderly individuals aged 65 and above in urban and rural communities is projected to reach 69% [2] - The city has established 672 elderly-friendly medical institutions, including comprehensive hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, nursing homes, and grassroots medical and health institutions [1][2] Group 2 - The city offers various free health services for elderly residents, including annual health management services and traditional Chinese medicine health management [3] - Elderly individuals aged 65 and above can receive brain health assessments and vaccinations for influenza and pneumonia, enhancing their access to preventive healthcare [3] - The convenience of medical services for elderly patients has improved, with reduced fees for outpatient services and extended prescription services for chronic diseases [4]

Group 1 - Beijing has established 672 elderly-friendly medical institutions, including general hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, nursing homes, and grassroots medical health institutions, along with 322 communities providing psychological care pilot services for the elderly [1][2] - The "14th Five-Year Plan for Healthy Aging" indicators have been met, with 1 national center for geriatric medicine and 3 national clinical research centers for geriatric diseases, and over 90% of secondary and above general hospitals having geriatric departments [2] - By the end of 2024, the health management service rate for elderly individuals aged 65 and above in urban and rural communities is expected to reach 69%, with a Chinese medicine health management rate of 76% [2] Group 2 - Free health services for residents aged 65 and above include annual health management services, lifestyle and health assessments, physical examinations, and personalized health guidance, especially for chronic disease patients [3] - Elderly individuals can receive flu and pneumonia vaccinations annually, and those in 322 communities with psychological care pilot programs can access free psychological health services [3] - Seniors aged 60 and above with medical insurance can enjoy reduced medical service fees at community health service institutions, and chronic disease patients can benefit from long-term prescription services [4]

Core Viewpoint - The joint guidance issued by 19 departments emphasizes the importance of enabling the elderly to actively participate in society, aiming for a comprehensive approach to support their social engagement by 2029 and 2035 [1][2]. Group 1: Rationale for the Guidance - China has the largest elderly population globally, with over 310 million people aged 60 and above by the end of 2024, accounting for approximately 22% of the total population [2]. - The guidance promotes the idea that elderly individuals are a societal asset rather than a burden, particularly focusing on those aged 60 to 69 who possess valuable life experiences and skills [2]. Group 2: Promoting Elderly Social Participation - The "Silver Age Action" has seen over 7 million elderly volunteers participating in various projects, benefiting more than 400 million people [3]. - The guidance aims to enhance the content and models of elderly volunteer services, improve registration and certification processes, and develop suitable insurance products for elderly volunteers [3]. Group 3: Improving Quality of Participation - The guidance addresses common issues faced by the elderly, such as access to education and travel, by enhancing the construction of national elderly universities and encouraging discounts for elderly individuals in cultural and recreational venues [4]. - Future initiatives are expected to improve the efficiency of educational and cultural services for the elderly, thereby enhancing their quality of social participation [4]. Group 4: Expanding Elderly Consumption Scenarios - The "silver economy" is recognized for its significant potential, with the guidance focusing on expanding consumption scenarios and optimizing the consumption environment for the elderly [5][6]. - Policies will support the development of diverse products and services in education, culture, and sports, while also promoting accessibility in public spaces and transportation for the elderly [6].