全球稀土供应链格局正经历着前所未有的深刻变革，其影响之深远远超表面数据所呈现的最新统计数据显示，到2025年全球稀土年产量预计将历史性地突破 40万吨大关，其中中国以68%的绝对占比继续领跑全球市场。 这一关键数据背后，折射出的是中美两大经济体在战略资源领域日趋白热化的竞争态势，同时也牵动着全球高科技产业链最敏感的神经末梢。美国商务部长 近期发表的一系列强硬言论，犹如在暗流涌动的稀土博弈中投下一枚重磅炸弹，将这场关乎未来科技主导权的争夺战推向新的高潮。 8月21日，美国商务部长在一场备受瞩目的电视访谈中语出惊人：\"稀土技术最初是由美国科学家发明的，但如今却被中国掌控。我们决心重建完整的稀土 产业链，夺回这一战略资源的主导权。\"这番充满火药味的表态立即在全球政商学界引发轩然大波。然而，翻开尘封的化学史册，历史真相却与这一说法大 相径庭。1794年，芬兰化学家约翰·加多林在瑞典伊特比矿场首次从矿石中分离出稀土氧化物，开启了人类认知稀土元素的序幕。在随后的一个多世纪里， 欧洲科学家们陆续发现并完善了对稀土元素家族的认知。而美国直到1947年才在核反应堆中发现最后一种稀土\"钷\"，其参与全球产业链的时间要晚得多 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's ambition to lead in humanoid robot development, aiming for mass production by 2025 and global dominance by 2027, highlighting the strategic importance of human-like robots as a resource for national power [2][6][8]. Group 1: Humanoid Robots and National Strategy - China views humanoid robots not just as tools for convenience but as a representation of human resources, which are crucial for national strength [6][8]. - The rapid development and production of humanoid robots in China are closely linked to its economic strategies, particularly in the context of rare earth resources [6][9]. - The Chinese government has set ambitious goals for humanoid robot production, with a focus on integrating rare earth resource management into its broader economic strategy [6][9]. Group 2: Technological Advancements and Market Position - China's dominance in the rare earth magnet market, particularly in neodymium magnets used in servo motors for robots, has shifted from Japan to China, with China now holding 80% of the global market share [8][9]. - Projections indicate that by 2050, humanoid robots could replace 30-40% of the workforce in China, the U.S., and other high-income countries, with each robot requiring 2-4 kg of neodymium magnets [8][9]. - The increasing reliance on humanoid robots is expected to create a supply shortage of neodymium-praseodymium alloys starting in 2037, further solidifying China's control over rare earth resources [9][10]. Group 3: Global Implications and Competitor Responses - Other countries, including the U.S. and Japan, are attempting to develop new rare earth mines, but the timeline for production is lengthy, making it difficult to meet immediate needs [12]. - Japan's past failures in industries where it had advantages, such as electric vehicles and hydrogen energy, highlight the need for a strategic approach to robotics and rare earth resource management [12][13]. - Japan is urged to adopt a long-term perspective in its industrial policy, particularly regarding humanoid robots, to mitigate risks posed by China's dominance in the sector [13][14].

Core Viewpoint - Oklahoma is emerging as a focal point for U.S. companies aiming to challenge China's dominance in the rare earth sector, but significant obstacles remain for achieving this goal [1][3]. Group 1: U.S. Initiatives in Oklahoma - The state of Oklahoma hosts the only nickel refining plant in the U.S., the largest lithium refining plant, two lithium-ion battery recycling facilities, and several electronic waste collection facilities, all either operational or under construction [3]. - An Australian company has already invested in Oklahoma earlier this year, while another U.S. company is establishing a production facility approximately 137 kilometers south of the state capital [3]. Group 2: Production Goals and Challenges - One U.S. company's founder stated they can refine 200 tons of nickel annually, with plans to expand to 34,000 tons by 2030, aiming to reduce U.S. dependence on Chinese minerals [5]. - Even if successful, this production would only meet 10% of the U.S. annual nickel demand, highlighting the challenges in reclaiming market share from China [5]. Group 3: China's Strategic Response - The U.S. has rich rare earth reserves but has not engaged in large-scale mining for decades, facing high extraction costs, a fragmented supply chain, and strict environmental regulations [7]. - China's influence remains significant, and recent statements from Chinese officials indicate a tightening of export controls on rare earth materials, which could undermine U.S. efforts [9]. - The timing of China's announcement to expedite the review of rare earth export licenses coincides with U.S. companies' plans to ramp up production, suggesting a strategic countermeasure [9].