航天员"改签"回地球 神二十返回舱玻璃裂纹是个三角形 2025年11月5日，神舟二十号返回任务被按下紧急暂停键。在计划返回前一天对飞船返回舱的例行检查中，神舟二十号航天员乘组发现舷 窗的边缘有一个局部的异常现象。中国航天科技集团五院载人飞船系统总设计师贾世锦在航天员报告这一突发情况后的第一时间收到了现场 照片。 中国航天科技集团五院载人飞船系统总设计师 贾世锦： 当时还不是叫裂纹，就是有一个三角形的痕迹，尺寸并不是很大。我们第一眼看到 下行的照片之后，感觉不太好判断，像是被一种漆什么的粘在上面似的。 按照指令，神舟二十号航天员在不同的角度、不同的光线下对异常位置进行拍照，同时利用空间站机械臂上的摄像机从舱外对舷窗进行辅助 拍照。照片传回地面，地面组织了国内十多个玻璃相关行业的专家对损伤情况进行研判。 中国航天科技集团五院载人飞船系统总设计师 贾世锦： 这次的裂纹，我们初步判断空间碎片的尺寸应该不到1毫米，但是因为它的速度太 快了。整个裂纹尺寸十几毫米，我们看一角，感觉像是被击穿的样子，但是毕竟在轨没有办法亲眼去看，可能等神舟二十号飞船回来之后， 我们再仔细观察。 永远"空缺"的神舟二十二号乘组 特殊意义在哪儿 ...

近年来，空间碎片数量呈现激增态势，对在轨运行的航天器、人造卫星乃至航天员的生命安全构成的威 胁与日俱增。2025年11月5日，因在飞船舷窗上发现裂纹，神舟二十号返回任务被按下紧急暂停键。 来源：央视新闻客户端 0:00 中国航天科技集团五院载人飞船系统总设计师 贾世锦：这次的裂纹，我们初步判断空间碎片的尺寸应 该不到1毫米，但是因为它的速度太快了。整个裂纹尺寸十几毫米，我们看一角，感觉像是被击穿的样 子，但是毕竟在轨没有办法亲眼去看，可能等神舟二十号飞船回来之后，我们再仔细观察。 ...

Core Points - The Shenzhou-22 spacecraft was successfully launched on November 25, marking China's first emergency manned space mission due to the delayed return of Shenzhou-20 caused by a suspected collision with space debris [3][5][11] - The launch utilized a 16-day emergency preparation process, significantly shorter than the usual 30-day timeline, demonstrating the efficiency of the Chinese space program [7][8] - Shenzhou-22 is an unmanned mission carrying supplies for the space station, including food, medicine, and equipment to address issues from the previous mission [6][10] Launch Details - The Long March 2F rocket lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 12:11 PM, successfully separating from the spacecraft approximately 10 minutes later [5][6] - The spacecraft docked with the Tianhe core module of the space station at 3:50 PM on the same day [5] Emergency Launch Process - The emergency launch was initiated after the Shenzhou-20 mission faced safety concerns due to space debris, leading to a rapid transition to launch readiness [4][11] - The preparation involved advanced planning and division of tasks to ensure that non-time-sensitive work was completed ahead of time [7] Technological Improvements - Shenzhou-22 features several technical upgrades, including enhanced human-machine interaction design and improved payload capacity [8][9] - The spacecraft is designed to support the return of astronauts from Shenzhou-21, despite being launched in an unmanned state [6][10] Space Debris Concerns - The incident with Shenzhou-20 highlights the dangers posed by space debris, which travels at speeds exceeding 7 kilometers per second [11][12] - The increase in space debris is attributed to various factors, including defunct satellites and operational waste from space missions [11][13]

Core Points - The Shenzhou-20 crew successfully completed a 204-day mission in space, setting a new record for the longest duration for a single crew in China's space history [1] - Astronaut Chen Dong became the first Chinese astronaut to spend over 400 days in space and holds the record for the most extravehicular activities [1] - The Shenzhou-20 mission involved significant scientific experiments across various fields, including microgravity physics and space medicine [1] Summary by Sections Mission Duration and Achievements - The Shenzhou-20 crew spent 204 days in orbit, completing four extravehicular activities and multiple cargo operations [1] - The mission contributed to extensive research in microgravity basic physics, space materials science, space life science, aerospace medicine, and aerospace technology [1] Return Mission and Safety Concerns - The Shenzhou-20 crew will return aboard the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft due to concerns over potential damage from space debris [1][2] - The Shenzhou-20 return capsule was found to have minor cracks in the window glass, likely caused by external impacts from space debris, which do not meet safety conditions for a manned return [2] - An emergency backup mission with the Shenzhou-22 spacecraft is planned to ensure safe return for the crew, with the launch timing dependent on the space station's operational status [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Shenzhou-20 manned spacecraft has been delayed due to a suspected impact from space debris, prompting an analysis of the risks and potential preventive measures [1] Group 1: Sources of Space Debris - Space debris primarily originates from human space activities, with over 40% coming from defunct spacecraft and related components, including retired satellites and rocket remnants [2] - Operational waste generated during space missions also contributes significantly to space debris, including intentionally or unintentionally discarded items [2] - Secondary debris from collisions and explosions of spacecraft is a key factor in the increasing amount of space debris [3] Group 2: Dangers of Space Debris - Even small debris, less than 1 centimeter in diameter, can cause fatal damage to spacecraft due to its high velocity, typically ranging from 7 to 10 kilometers per second [4] - Millimeter-sized debris can scratch spacecraft windows and solar panels, while centimeter-sized debris can penetrate the spacecraft's shell, potentially causing fuel leaks or explosions [4] - A critical density of debris in low Earth orbit can lead to a "domino effect," creating a debris cloud that could severely hinder future space activities [4] - Astronauts have minimal protection against space debris, with even 0.1 millimeter fragments posing a risk of injury [4] Group 3: Technologies to Mitigate Impact Risks - Current methods for predicting space debris impact risks rely on monitoring technologies and data analysis models, employing a combination of active avoidance, passive protection, and debris removal strategies [5] - Optical observation techniques utilize telescopes and cameras to detect debris, while radar monitoring provides all-weather, long-range detection capabilities [5][6] - New technologies, such as laser radar and multi-sensor fusion, enhance debris tracking accuracy and real-time updates on debris locations [6] - For larger debris over 10 centimeters, spacecraft typically perform orbital maneuvers to avoid collisions, while smaller debris is managed through passive protective measures [6]

Mission Update - Shenzhou-20 manned spacecraft return mission is postponed due to suspected impact from space debris [1] - The China Manned Space Engineering Office is conducting impact analysis and risk assessment [1] Safety Concerns - The decision to postpone is to ensure the health and safety of astronauts and the success of the mission [1]