中国地理学会理事长葛全胜表示，如何在新的人口、资源、环境协调中实现高质量发展，让"胡焕庸 线"两侧共享现代化成果，让"分界线"转化为"协调线""共赢线"，是新时代赋予地理学与人口学共同的 历史考卷。 中国科学院院士、中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所研究员陆大道分享了对"胡焕庸线"提出、传播及重 要意义的深刻认识，强调这条地理界线在新时代的科学价值。他以"人"为喻，对"胡焕庸线"在空间结构 方面的现实意义进行梳理，并强调胡焕庸凭借实践思维和理性思维发现规律，而非创造规律。 本次会议在学术成果发布方面取得重大突破，集中展示了三项标志性成果。"胡焕庸数智人"的正式亮 相，代表了数字技术与人文社科融合的新高度。这一成果基于华东师范大学图书馆名师库的海量资料， 以前沿数智技术为引擎，从教育家精神视角出发，在自由对话、手稿展示等六个板块实现了胡焕庸先生 学术形象的数字重生，让胡焕庸先生的学术追求、教育理想与人格风范突破静态档案的束缚，是学术传 统与教育家精神的当代传承。 "中国人口增减分化与区域均衡发展——纪念胡焕庸线发现90周年学术研讨会"日前在华东师范大学召 开。为期两天的会议通过开闭幕式、主旨报告、分论坛研讨、成果发 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that urban-rural integration is a necessary requirement for China's modernization, aiming to enhance the level of planning, construction, and governance to promote equal exchange and flow of urban and rural elements, thereby reducing disparities and fostering common prosperity [2][3]. Summary by Sections Urbanization Progress - Urbanization rate increased from 53.10% in 2012 to 67% in 2024, a rise of 13.9 percentage points over twelve years [3]. - The poverty alleviation campaign has successfully lifted 98.99 million rural poor out of poverty, with all 832 impoverished counties and 128,000 impoverished villages achieving this goal [3]. - The income ratio between urban and rural residents decreased from 3.03:1 in 2013 to 2.34:1 in 2024, indicating a narrowing income gap [3]. Challenges in Urban-Rural Integration - Issues such as insufficient urban-rural integration, significant disparities, and low farmer income remain weak links in the national economy [4]. - The low income of 600 million farmers is a primary reason for the urban-rural gap, with potential annual income increase of 12 to 13 trillion yuan if farmer incomes rise [5]. Proposed Measures for Urban-Rural Integration - The goal is to raise the permanent urban population rate from 67% to 78% by 2040, which would involve nearly 200 million farmers moving to cities [5][6]. - The household registration (hukou) urbanization rate should also increase from 48% to 78%, addressing the 2.5 billion people in a "semi-urbanized" state [6][7]. - Cities, except for a few megacities, should relax their household registration systems to encourage voluntary urban residency [7]. - Protecting the land rights of farmers who move to cities is crucial, ensuring their land use rights and collective income distribution rights are maintained [8]. Expected Outcomes of Urban-Rural Integration - Increased farmer income is anticipated as the average land per household rises from 7.8 acres to approximately 30 acres, potentially aligning farming income with urban worker income [9]. - Rural reforms will deepen as the average operational scale of farms increases, allowing for better economies of scale and reducing production costs [10]. - Agricultural economic development is expected to benefit from the influx of capital and technology, transforming agriculture into a "sixth industry" [10]. - Farmers' property income will rise as land resources are effectively utilized, improving their financial situation [11]. - Urbanization will lead to the development of new mega and large cities, enhancing labor supply and reducing excess real estate inventory [12]. Conclusion - The integration of urban and rural areas is essential for China's modernization, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the policies and strategies outlined in the recent government directives to effectively implement urban-rural integration [12][13].

Core Viewpoint - The Yarlung Tsangpo River downstream hydropower project, known as the "Yaxi Project," has officially commenced construction, marking a significant milestone in China's clean energy development strategy, with a total investment of approximately 1.2 trillion yuan [1][3]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Yaxi Project is located in Nyingchi City, Tibet, and plans to construct five hydropower stations using a diversion tunnel approach, primarily for electricity export while also catering to local demand [1]. - The project was included as a major clean energy base in China's 14th Five-Year Plan and received official approval from the central government in December of the previous year [1][3]. Group 2: Technical Aspects - The Yaxi Project is expected to have a generating capacity that surpasses that of the Three Gorges Project, despite having a lower annual runoff volume of 1,654 billion cubic meters compared to the Yangtze River's Three Gorges [4][5]. - The unique geographical features of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, including a significant elevation drop of over 2,000 meters, provide a substantial hydropower advantage [5][6]. - The project involves the construction of long tunnels exceeding current world records, requiring advanced tunneling technology and engineering expertise [7][8]. Group 3: Broader Implications - The Yaxi Project is seen as a demonstration of solutions to global challenges, contributing to the concept of a community with a shared future for humanity [3]. - The project is part of a larger trend in China towards ambitious water resource management and energy projects, similar to historical examples like the Hoover Dam in the United States [10][12].