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股票融资作为资本市场中常见的信用交易方式，其核心是投资者通过向证券公司借入资金扩大股票投资 规模，在合规框架内实现资金效用的放大。从基础定义到操作规则，从风险特性到实战应用，构建系统 化认知是确保融资交易理性开展的前提。 一、股票融资的基础概念与核心特征 股票融资（又称 "融资交易"）是指投资者以自有资金作为保证金，通过证券公司借入资金买入上市股 票的交易行为，属于融资融券业务中的核心组成部分。其核心特征体现在三个方面： 信用交易属性。交易建立在投资者与证券公司的信用关系之上，投资者需以现金或持仓证券作为担保， 证券公司根据风险评估提供相应融资额度，信用资质与保证金充足度直接影响融资能力。 杠杆效应显著。融资规模与保证金比例挂钩形成杠杆，例如 50% 保证金比例对应 2 倍杠杆（100 万元 保证金可融入 100 万元），股价波动带来的盈亏将按杠杆倍数放大，收益与风险呈现双向放大特性。 标的范围限定性。仅允许买入交易所规定的 "融资标的股票"（约 2000 只，多为市值较高、流动性较好 的个股），非标的股票、ST 股等风险较高品种被排除，从源头控制交易风险。 二、股票融资的核心要素与条件解析 股票融资的开展依 ...

Market Overview - The A-share market indices all rose last week (July 23 - July 29), with the STAR 50 showing the largest increase of 5.33%, while the Shanghai 50 had the smallest rise of 0.59% [2] - The Shanghai Composite Index increased by 0.78%, the Shenzhen Component rose by 1.71%, the ChiNext Index went up by 4.14%, the CSI 300 gained 0.80%, and the CSI 500 increased by 2.30% [2] - As of July 29, the margin trading balance in the two markets reached 1,976.307 billion yuan, an increase of 49.208 billion yuan from the previous week [2] - The financing balance was 1,962.087 billion yuan, up by 48.647 billion yuan, while the securities lending balance was 14.220 billion yuan, increasing by 0.056 billion yuan [2] - The average number of investors participating in margin trading daily was 470,483, which is a 10.97% increase from the previous week [2] Industry Insights - The pharmaceutical, non-ferrous metals, and electronics industries had the highest net financing inflows last week, while the oil, agriculture, and comprehensive industries had the lowest [3] - The industries with a higher proportion of financing buy-in relative to transaction volume were non-bank financials, telecommunications, and non-ferrous metals, whereas textiles, light manufacturing, and social services had lower proportions [3] - In terms of securities lending, the non-bank financial, electric equipment, and pharmaceutical industries had the highest net selling amounts, while basic chemicals, food and beverage, and oil and petrochemicals had the lowest [3] Specific Securities - As of July 29, the market ETF financing balance was 98.208 billion yuan, an increase of 0.283 billion yuan, while the securities lending balance was 6.370 billion yuan, up by 0.454 billion yuan [3] - The top five ETFs by net financing inflow were: - Fuguo Zhongzhai 7-10 Year Policy Financial Bond ETF - E Fund CSI Hong Kong Securities Investment Theme ETF - Hang Seng Technology ETF - Huaxia Hang Seng Technology ETF (QDII) - GF CSI Hong Kong Stock Connect Non-Bank ETF [3] - The top five individual stocks by net financing inflow were: - Xinyi Sheng (300502) - China Power Construction (601669) - Cambricon Technologies (688256) - Northern Rare Earth (600111) - Minsheng Bank (600016) [3] - The top five individual stocks by net securities lending outflow were: - China Ping An (601318) - BYD (002594) - Hengrui Medicine (600276) - Dongfang Electric (600875) - WuXi AppTec (603259) [3]