2025 年 6 月 30 日，美国总统发布第 14312 号行政令 ——《关于撤销叙利亚制裁的 规定》（刊登于 2025 年 7 月 3 日《联邦公报》，第 90 卷第 29395 页），核心内容 包括： 2、历史背景 初始制裁紧急状态的设立（2004 年） 因美国终止叙利亚的"国家紧急状态"，OFAC 将从《联邦法规汇编》中移除《叙利亚制裁条 例》。本次是美国行政部门细化对叙利亚解除制裁的举措，预计金融机构将在叙利亚展业。 1. 制裁终止的关键行政令（2025 年） 2004 年 5 月 11 日，美国总统依据《国际紧急经济权力法》（50 U.S.C. 1701 及后续条 款）和《2003 年叙利亚责任与黎巴嫩主权恢复法》（《公法》第 108-175 号，《美国法 典》第 22 编第 2151 条注释），发布了 2004 年 5 月 11 日第 13338 号行政令 ——《冻 结特定人员财产并禁止向叙利亚出口特定商品》（刊登于 2004 年 5 月 13 日《联邦公 报》，第 69 卷第 26751 页）。 总统在该行政令中认定：叙利亚政府存在支持恐怖主义、持续占领黎巴嫩、推进大规模杀伤 性武器及导弹计划 ...

Group 1 - The Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister, Ali Bagheri Kani, announced that Iran held serious and candid discussions with representatives from the UK, France, Germany, and the EU regarding the nuclear issue and sanctions relief [1] - The meeting involved a thorough examination of the latest developments concerning sanctions and Iran's nuclear program, with both sides presenting specific proposals for discussion [1] - Iran criticized the European stance on recent aggressive conflicts and reaffirmed its principled positions on key issues, including the "rapid restoration mechanism" [1]

Core Insights - The UN sanctions monitor reported no active links between Al-Qaeda and the Syrian interim government led by the Islamic organization this year [2] - The report is expected to strengthen expectations of the US pushing for the lifting of sanctions on Syria [3] - The US has recently taken significant steps to remove sanctions, including revoking the designation of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) as a foreign terrorist organization [3][4] Group 1 - The report indicates that HTS, which was once affiliated with Al-Qaeda, severed ties in 2016 and has since led a rebellion against Bashar al-Assad's regime [3] - The US aims to support the new Syrian leadership's plans to integrate foreign fighters into the military, which has been a contentious issue in improving relations with the West [5] - The report highlights that some foreign fighters refuse to join the military integration plan, increasing the risk of internal conflict [6] Group 2 - The US administration argues that lifting sanctions aligns with American interests by opening opportunities for US businesses and countering Iranian and Russian influence [4] - The report notes that many tactical-level individuals within HTS hold more extreme views than the leadership, which is generally seen as more pragmatic [4] - The UN sanctions on HTS have been in place since May 2014, including global asset freezes and arms embargoes [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses President Trump's statement regarding the lifting of sanctions on Syria, suggesting it provides an opportunity for the country [1] Group 1 - The lifting of sanctions is seen as a potential chance for Syria to improve its situation [1] - President Trump emphasizes the positive implications of this decision for Syria's future [1]

Core Viewpoint - President Trump stated that if Iran can achieve peace, the sanctions imposed on Iran will be lifted [1] Group 1 - The statement indicates a potential shift in U.S. foreign policy towards Iran, contingent on the country's ability to maintain peace [1] - The mention of sanctions suggests ongoing economic pressures on Iran, which could impact its economy and international relations [1] - The possibility of lifting sanctions may open up investment opportunities in Iran if peace is achieved [1]

Group 1 - The Iranian Foreign Minister plans to travel to Geneva to discuss nuclear issues and sanctions relief [1]

Core Viewpoint - A senior Iranian official criticized the U.S. for lacking sincerity in nuclear negotiations, stating that the U.S. demands for Iran to halt uranium enrichment are intentionally stalling the talks, undermining their purpose [1] Group 1: Negotiation Dynamics - The Iranian official indicated that the talks aim to ensure the peaceful nature of Iran's nuclear program and to push for the lifting of sanctions [1] - The U.S. position of insisting on shutting down Iran's nuclear industry while refusing to present a credible sanctions relief proposal is fundamentally contradictory [1] - The official emphasized that the U.S. negotiators have not been willing to submit reasonable negotiation texts, contributing to the prolonged stalemate [1] Group 2: Sanctions and Legal Authority - The Iranian official expressed that the U.S. government appears to lack effective legal authority to lift the multi-layered sanctions imposed on Iran, which has led to the ongoing deadlock in negotiations [1] - The insistence on halting uranium enrichment is seen as a deliberate tactic by the U.S. to keep the negotiations from progressing [1]

伊朗外交部发言人：美国尚未愿意就解除制裁一事给予明确的回应。 ...

当地时间5月23日，美国财政部发表声明称，签发了叙利亚通用许可证，宣布立即解除对叙利亚的制 裁。声明表示，该许可授权进行《叙利亚制裁条例》禁止的交易，从而有效解除对叙利亚的制裁。(央 视新闻) ...

Core Points - The European Union has begun the process of lifting sanctions on Kosovo, contingent upon the de-escalation of the situation in the northern part of the country [1] Group 1 - The EU's decision to lift sanctions indicates a shift in diplomatic relations with Kosovo [1] - The lifting of sanctions is dependent on the stabilization of the northern region of Kosovo [1]