资料图 21世纪经济报道记者王峰北京报道 小智（化名）今年40岁，是一名孤独症患者，生活自理能力很弱。几十年来，他一直与父母 生活在一起。 然而，小智的父母均已年过70岁，不久前，他的父亲突发心梗做了手术，料理一家三口生活的重担落在了他母亲一人的肩上。 小智今后如何托付，突然成为年迈父母面前一个现实且急切的问题。 1981年，我国确诊了第一名孤独症患者。现在，他已年近60岁。当心智障碍人群开始变老，未来托付应当尽快列上政府、家 庭、社会的议事日程。 多数家庭尚无长远规划 心智障碍者的未来托付之所以迫切，是因为他们目前主要由父母照护。 近日，北京市晓更助残基金会发布《心智障碍者家庭现状与未来托付需求调研报告》（下称《报告》），面向全国心智障碍者 家长收集了8491份问卷。这些心智障碍者包括孤独症谱系、唐氏综合征、脑瘫、智力发育迟缓者等，孤独症谱系是最主要的障 碍类型。 《报告》指出，87%的心智障碍者的主要照护者是母亲，64%的照护者还要同时照顾其他家庭成员。其中，全职在家照顾孩子的 家长达49%，家长为单身或单亲的比例为16%。 《报告》调研的心智障碍者家庭画像 调研发现，心智障碍者生活自理尚可。50%的受访 ...

Core Insights - The Ministry of Civil Affairs reported significant progress in social welfare, elderly care, and social governance during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, highlighting the establishment of a layered social assistance system and improvements in elderly care services [1][2]. Group 1: Social Welfare and Assistance - A layered social assistance system has been established, extending coverage from low-income individuals to those on the edge of poverty and families facing rigid expenses, with average urban and rural minimum living standards increasing by 19.6% and 21.3% respectively since 2020 [1]. - The construction of a child welfare protection system has made major strides, including the inclusion of orphans, left-behind children, and migrant children in national support and care services [1]. Group 2: Elderly Care Services - By the end of 2024, the number of elderly care institutions is expected to reach 406,000, with a total of 7.993 million beds, and the proportion of nursing beds has increased from 48% in 2020 to 65.7% [1]. - A pilot project for elderly care service consumption subsidies for moderately disabled elderly individuals has been launched in three provinces and four cities, with the central government allocating 1.16 billion yuan for the initiative [2]. Group 3: Social Governance and Charity - The number of registered social organizations has reached 865,000, with 24,000 being technology-related, contributing positively to employment, livelihood improvement, and grassroots governance [2]. - The charity sector has seen explosive growth, with over 16,000 registered charitable organizations, a 70% increase since 2020, and annual charitable donations exceeding 200 billion yuan [2]. Group 4: Internet Charity and Support for Disabled Individuals - Internet charity has amplified the effectiveness of charitable efforts, with designated platforms raising over 160 billion yuan for various causes, including rural revitalization and major illness assistance [3]. - The average living subsidy for disabled individuals has increased by 31.9%, and the nursing subsidy for severely disabled individuals has risen by 22.5% during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [3].

Group 1 - The Ministry of Civil Affairs has significantly improved the welfare system for disabled individuals, enhancing support measures and care services since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan [1][2] - The implementation of living subsidies for disabled individuals has benefited 11.9 million and 16.48 million people, with average subsidy standards increasing by 31.9% and 22.5% respectively [1] - A total of 143 mental health welfare institutions have been established, and community rehabilitation services now cover 89.4% of districts and counties, serving over 1.26 million individuals with mental disorders [1] Group 2 - The Ministry of Civil Affairs is focusing on developing the assistive technology industry, promoting the use of AI, health monitoring, and service robots in the field of disability services [2] - Over the past five years, more than 160 product service standards have been released, and policies have been implemented to include rehabilitation aids in consumer goods exchange programs [2] - The State Council has made institutional arrangements to strengthen care services for severely disabled individuals, addressing their urgent needs for care and support [2]

Core Viewpoint - The State Council has issued guidelines to enhance care services for severely disabled individuals, focusing on meeting the diverse needs of this vulnerable group and their families [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Framework - The guidelines emphasize a balanced approach to care services, prioritizing basic needs, accessibility, and sustainable development [1]. - There is a specific focus on providing support for economically disadvantaged severely disabled individuals, with an emphasis on resource coordination and policy alignment [1]. Group 2: Financial Support - The guidelines encourage local governments to utilize lottery public welfare funds to support care services for economically disadvantaged severely disabled individuals [1]. - It is suggested that regions may include severely disabled individuals from families with elderly parents in minimum living security programs to access central financial support for care services [1]. Group 3: Talent Development - The guidelines highlight the importance of strengthening the workforce in care services, including long-term care, rehabilitation, and social work [2]. - There is a call for collaboration between universities and vocational schools to enhance training and research in the field of care services for disabled individuals [2]. - The guidelines advocate for the development of assistive technologies, such as care robots and AI, to improve care services [2].

Core Viewpoint - The State Council of China has issued an opinion to strengthen care services for severely disabled individuals, emphasizing the role of long-term care insurance as a foundational support mechanism [1] Group 1: Long-term Care Insurance - The opinion encourages the inclusion of eligible severely disabled individuals into the long-term care insurance coverage as per regulations [1] - Local governments are urged to utilize designated long-term care insurance service institutions to provide care services for severely disabled individuals [1] - The government will provide classified subsidies for the personal contributions of low-income severely disabled individuals participating in long-term care insurance [1] Group 2: Service Institutions - The opinion promotes the recognition of care service institutions for eligible disabled individuals as designated service institutions under long-term care insurance [1] - There is a focus on exploring the inclusion of intelligent services and supportive devices related to long-term care into the payment scope of long-term care insurance [1]