8月13日，第一财经记者从央行获悉，我国市场利率持续保持低位运行，企业与居民融资成本进一步下 行。7月新发放企业贷款利率约3.2%，新发放个人住房贷款利率约3.1%，分别较去年同期下降约45个和 30个基点。 这一态势既反映出信贷供给的充裕性，也为实体经济恢复注入低成本动力。 "利率是资金供求关系的价格信号，利率低位下行恰恰反映信贷供给相对充裕，资金需求方获得银行信 贷支持更加容易、成本更加优惠。"一位市场权威专家对记者说。 利率低位运行 经过2018年以来的多轮降息，我国贷款利率已进入历史低位区间，今年以来下行趋势进一步延续。 近期，多家中小制造业企业向记者反映，过去贷款利率最高达6.5%左右，现在只有过去的一半，这对 企业经营的影响是很大的。同时，融资成本下降对提振预期、扩大需求有积极作用。 利率优惠还成为撬动企业投资的"支点"。一家东部省份科技企业表示，这些年一直想更新设备提升产 能，但因资金成本压力未有行动，银行对其给予20BP的利率优惠之后，企业立即申请贷款用于启动新 生产线、开拓市场。 为保障利率机制顺畅运行，一系列政策举措持续发力：禁止违规手工补息、建立存款招投标利率报备机 制、优化非银同业存款 ...

Core Viewpoint - The financial industry is facing a significant challenge of "involution," characterized by price wars and homogeneous competition, necessitating a shift towards quality and innovation to escape the current predicament [1][2][3]. Group 1: Involution and Competition - Involution in the financial sector is defined as irrational price competition that sacrifices product quality and service to gain market share, leading to a low-level repetitive competition and a lack of high-quality supply [2][3][5]. - Regulatory bodies in various regions, including Guangdong and Anhui, are implementing negative lists and self-regulatory agreements to combat involution and promote fair competition [2][10]. - The competition is primarily driven by scale metrics, with institutions focusing on growth indicators that lead to practices such as misleading sales and excessive marketing [3][4][10]. Group 2: Impact of Homogeneity - The financial industry is experiencing severe product and service homogeneity, with many institutions resorting to similar offerings, which diminishes innovation and leads to price-based competition [6][7][9]. - The lack of differentiation in products, such as credit cards and insurance offerings, has resulted in a race to the bottom in pricing, further compressing profit margins [2][6][7]. - The trend of short-sighted management and blind expansion has led to a neglect of risk management and long-term value creation, exacerbating the issues of involution [3][5][9]. Group 3: Regulatory and Structural Changes - Experts suggest that regulatory bodies should enhance negative lists and self-regulatory mechanisms to curb unfair competition and promote a focus on quality over quantity [9][10]. - Financial institutions are encouraged to innovate and differentiate their offerings, focusing on long-term strategic transformation rather than short-term scale expansion [8][9]. - The recent regulatory actions, such as setting a 3% interest rate floor for consumer loans, aim to eliminate the previous practices that masked true investment capabilities and promote genuine competition based on performance [11].