ESG 专题 中国股票市场 ESG 溢价现象探析 投资 ESG 表现优秀的公司能否为投资者带来超额市场收益呢？国内外股 票市场的实证检验并未得到一致的结论。国外的实证研究更多支持 ESG 表现优秀的公司能获得更高的收益，但在碳排放领域，投资那些碳排放 水平越高的公司能也获得更高的收益。国内的实证研究由于不同的 ESG 数据差异较大、研究的截面样本、时间区间、数据频率、实证方法不同， 研究结果也存在分歧。为此，本报告基于股票覆盖较全的秩鼎的 ESG 评 分数据，采用 Fama 和 French（2008）关于探讨股市异象的排序分组方 法和横截面回归方法，研究了较长一段时间里股票收益与 ESG 表现的关 系，主要结论如下： 1、A 股市场存在显著的 ESG 正溢价现象，这一现象在大盘股和中盘股中 更为明显。具体而言，除微盘股外，全样本及其他规模分组中，ESG 指 标与收益率呈现出明显的正相关关系。对冲组合（做多 ESG 指标最高的 组合而做空 ESG 指标最低的组合）的收益率随规模递增，其中大盘股和 中盘股的对冲组合收益要更高，而且显著。横截面回归和行业中性的排 序分组结果也显示出 ESG 指标的预测能力在大盘股 ...

Macro Research - The growth rate of national general public budget revenue increased by 0.8% year-on-year from January to October 2025, with a marginal recovery in October to 3.2% compared to 2.6% in September, primarily driven by tax revenue [3][4] - The decline in non-tax revenue has expanded, reflecting a reduced reliance on non-tax income by the government [4] - National general public budget expenditure grew by 2% year-on-year from January to October 2025, with a significant drop in October to -9.8% compared to 3.1% in September, indicating a need for continued fiscal support to stabilize the economy [4][5] Fixed Income Research - The global monetary and fiscal system has undergone significant changes since 2008, which may provide more relevant insights for predicting domestic economic and fixed income asset trends than historical experiences from the 1990s [7][8] - The government’s increasing leverage has not led to a corresponding rise in household and corporate leverage, resulting in a rapid increase in interest rates independent of the recovery in these sectors [8] Transportation Research - The short-term profitability of the company is under pressure due to maintenance impacts, but the high-quality route network is expected to reveal significant profit elasticity, with a projected increase in profitability driven by rising ticket prices and fleet turnover recovery in the next two years [10][11] - The company’s net profit for the first three quarters of 2025 was 1.09 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 14%, primarily due to maintenance impacts [10][11] Communication Research - The company maintained its profit forecast but lowered its target price while keeping a buy rating, as the Q4 performance is expected to rebound despite short-term fluctuations [13][14] - The company achieved a revenue of 16.5 billion yuan in the first three quarters of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 221.7%, with a net profit of 6.33 billion yuan, reflecting strong growth despite a slight decline in Q3 [14]

Group 1: Non-Metallic Building Materials - The building materials industry shows signs of structural growth that gradually outweigh environmental impacts, with Q3 2025 reports indicating a recovery in revenue and profitability for several companies [2][25] - The cement sector continues to perform well overseas, particularly in Africa, while domestic demand and prices have weakened, suggesting a potential bottoming out in 2024 [4][26] - In the consumer building materials sector, revenue growth disparities among sub-industries are widening, driven by the impacts of real estate and local debt [5][27] Group 2: Biopharmaceuticals - Huadong Medicine's industrial segment maintains steady growth, with Q3 2025 revenue of 37.28 billion yuan, up 14.95% year-on-year, and net profit of 8.94 billion yuan, up 18.43% [7][8] - The medical aesthetics business faces short-term pressure due to economic factors, with a decline in revenue for both domestic and overseas operations [8] - The company is advancing its innovative pipeline, with several clinical trials ongoing for various cancer treatments [9][33] Group 3: Power Equipment and New Energy - Haibo Sichuang, a leader in energy storage, is expected to benefit from high industry demand, with Q3 2025 revenue reaching 3.39 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 124.4% [10][11] - The company's profitability has improved significantly, with a gross margin of 18.64% and a net margin of 9.05% in Q3 2025 [11] - The global energy storage market is projected to grow by 40%-50% in 2026, with significant contributions from both domestic and international markets [13] Group 4: Financial Engineering - The report highlights various asset allocation strategies, with the macro-factor-based strategy yielding a return of 4.23% in 2025, outperforming other strategies [14][15] - The performance of domestic asset strategies shows a positive trend, with October returns indicating a stable investment environment [15][16] - The overall economic outlook remains cautious, with manufacturing PMI indicating a contraction, while service sector activity shows slight improvement [16]

Group 1 - The report maintains an "overweight" rating for the automotive industry, emphasizing the potential of humanoid robots to create demand and suggesting a focus on high-cost performance technology routes similar to lithium iron phosphate cathodes in new energy vehicles [2][8] - Recommended companies include Dechang Motor Holdings, which leads in automotive motors, and Haoneng Co., which is advancing into reducers [8] - The domestic heavy truck market has shown significant growth due to the old-for-new replacement policy initiated in May, with recommendations for China National Heavy Duty Truck Group, Foton Motor, and Weichai Power [8] Group 2 - The report highlights the competitive pressure in the domestic passenger car market as the old-for-new replacement effects diminish, recommending differentiated competitors such as Great Wall Motors, SAIC Motor, and Jianghuai Automobile [8] - The report notes that the retail sales of passenger cars in China from September 1-21 reached 1.191 million units, a year-on-year increase of 1%, with cumulative retail sales for the year at 15.955 million units, up 9% [3][9] - The penetration rate of new energy vehicles in the passenger car market reached 58.5%, with retail sales of 697,000 units during the same period, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 10% [3][9] Group 3 - The humanoid robot industry is experiencing rapid iteration, with companies like Xinuo Future showing strong capabilities in core component manufacturing, including a complete production line for motors and control systems [4][10] - The report emphasizes the importance of innovation and cost advantages in the humanoid robot sector, particularly for companies like Dechang Motor Holdings [4][10]

Group 1: Commercial Aerospace Industry - The top-level design of commercial aerospace is continuously strengthened, with policies leading to the release of industrial innovation potential. The demand for satellite networking is exploding, and new supply and technology are helping to break development bottlenecks, indicating a positive outlook for low-cost, high-reliability, and large-scale development in the commercial aerospace industry [1][2][4]. - The commercial aerospace industry chain is accelerating its improvement, driven by both supply and demand. China has a complete industry chain from high-end manufacturing to application scenarios, with the global commercial aerospace market size reaching $480 billion. In 2024, China's investment and financing in the commercial aerospace sector is expected to account for 24% of the global total [3][4]. - The demand for satellite networking is surging, with multiple satellite constellations being launched rapidly. The "Long March" series rockets are the main force, and several private rocket companies are expected to become significant contributors to launch capacity [4][5]. Group 2: Company Analysis - GuoBo Electronics - GuoBo Electronics experienced a decline in performance in the first half of 2025 due to revenue confirmation delays in traditional sectors, but achieved significant growth in Q2 with a revenue of 720 million yuan, marking a year-on-year increase of 18.23% and a quarter-on-quarter increase of 105.84% [11][13]. - The company is focusing on the low-orbit satellite and commercial aerospace sectors, with multiple T/R component products already delivered to customers, indicating a new growth point for the company [11][14]. - The company has improved production efficiency and reduced costs through lean manufacturing management and automation, ensuring stable growth in profitability, with a gross margin of 39.11% in the first half of 2025 [13][14]. Group 3: Company Analysis - Enhua Pharmaceutical - Enhua Pharmaceutical is a leading domestic enterprise in the field of controlled substances, with a high barrier to entry in its sector. The impact of centralized procurement is expected to bottom out, and the company is focusing on the gradual realization of innovative results [15][17]. - In the first half of 2025, the company achieved a revenue of 3.01 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.93%, and a net profit of 700 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.38% [16][17]. - The company is actively developing multiple innovative drugs in the central nervous system field, which is expected to drive a second growth curve for the company [18].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Insurance funds exhibit two main advantages in ESG and green investments: long-term nature and strategic significance, which extend their influence as large asset owners on other market participants [2][17] - The integration of ESG in outsourced investments by insurance funds plays a crucial role in market cultivation, with 95% of insurance companies in the Asia-Pacific region incorporating ESG factors into their investment considerations, up from 56% in 2018 [3][29] - Large asset owners can consider two types of decarbonization targets: carbon intensity targets, which allow for emissions increases due to business growth, and absolute value targets, which require total emissions reductions regardless of business scale [4][50] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report addresses how domestic insurance asset management implements ESG investments and green finance, the impact of outsourced investments on ESG practices, and the feasibility of decarbonization paths based on overseas insurance asset management practices [11] Necessity of Insurance Funds in Green Finance - Insurance funds are a crucial pillar of China's financial system and a significant source of funding for green and low-carbon transitions, with total assets exceeding 33 trillion yuan by the end of 2024 [12][13] - Regulatory authorities are guiding insurance institutions to develop green finance, emphasizing support for green, low-carbon, and circular economies [14] Domestic Insurance Funds' ESG and Green Investment Practices - Insurance funds' ESG and green investments are characterized by long-term nature, strategic significance, and market-shaping ability [17] - The long-term nature is driven by the stable and large-scale funding sources of insurance institutions, making them essential for the healthy development of capital markets [18] - The strategic significance is aligned with China's high-quality economic development and green low-carbon transition requirements [19] - As large asset owners, insurance funds can influence the ESG practices of invested companies and outsourced funds [20] ESG Integration in Outsourced Investments - Insurance funds leverage external management institutions to integrate ESG strategies deeply, enhancing the green impact of investments [24] - By the end of 2024, global insurance funds managed approximately 16.65 trillion USD, accounting for 29% of total assets under management [25] - A significant majority of insurance companies in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East incorporate ESG factors into their investment considerations [29] Industry Practices - The scale of green investments by major insurance companies is steadily increasing, with a total of 1.67 trillion yuan allocated to green development by mid-2023, a 36% year-on-year increase [36] - The types of green investments are diversifying beyond traditional fixed-income products to include equity and alternative assets [38] - The integration of green investments with business practices is deepening, particularly in climate risk assessment and portfolio carbon accounting [39] Decarbonization Goals and Paths of Overseas Large Insurance Funds - Leading overseas insurance institutions have established comprehensive decarbonization strategies, aligning with the Paris Agreement's temperature control goals [46] - Decarbonization targets are categorized into carbon intensity targets and absolute value targets, with the former allowing for emissions increases due to business growth [50] - The report highlights the systematic implementation paths adopted by overseas insurance institutions to achieve decarbonization goals [51]

Core Viewpoint - The cryptocurrency industry is undergoing a green transformation, with BitEngine Mining Tech leading the way through innovative green technologies, presenting new investment opportunities for investors [1] Group 1: Green Innovations - BitEngine Mining Tech's project in Finland exemplifies green mining by utilizing excess heat from mining machines for community heating, reducing energy consumption and operational costs while contributing positively to environmental protection [1] - The company's green and efficient operational model aligns well with Wall Street's enthusiasm for ESG investments, attracting significant investor interest [1] Group 2: Competitive Advantages - BitEngine Mining Tech benefits from a global low-cost electricity strategy, leveraging resource advantages in North America and Russia, which enhances its competitiveness in the mining industry [1] - This competitive edge provides investors with stable return expectations [1] Group 3: Future Prospects - The company aims for a Nasdaq IPO in 2026, positioning itself as a prominent player in the cryptocurrency sector and attracting more capital influx to drive business expansion and innovation [1] - Investing in BitEngine Mining Tech represents a forward-looking and socially responsible investment opportunity, allowing investors to share in the benefits of the green development of the cryptocurrency industry [1]

Macro and Strategy - The Federal Reserve maintained the federal funds rate target range at 4.25-4.5% and announced a slowdown in balance sheet reduction, lowering the monthly limit for Treasury redemptions from $25 billion to $5 billion [7] - The high-tech manufacturing macro report indicates that the diffusion index for high-tech manufacturing remains stable, with a slight decline in certain sectors such as aerospace and new energy [7][8] - The AI-enabled asset allocation strategy highlights the integration of ESG factors into traditional investment theories, suggesting that incorporating ESG constraints can enhance portfolio performance [9][10] Industry and Company Insights - The social services sector is expected to benefit from recent consumption policies aimed at boosting domestic demand, with a focus on service consumption [10][11] - Data tracking shows a positive trend in retail sales and hiring demand, indicating a gradual economic recovery [11][12] - The textile and apparel sector has seen a rebound in retail sales growth, with notable increases in exports from Vietnam [13][14] - China Unicom reported a 10.5% year-on-year increase in net profit for 2024, with a focus on innovative business growth and a stable traditional business [16][17] - Xingyu Co. achieved a 34% year-on-year increase in net profit for Q4 2024, driven by strong demand for automotive lighting products [21][22] - Xtep International reported a 20% increase in net profit for 2024, with significant growth in its professional sports brand [24][25] - Anta Sports saw a 16.5% increase in core profit for 2024, supported by a diverse brand portfolio [28][29] - ZhongAn Online's total premium income reached 33.42 billion yuan in 2024, with a 13.3% year-on-year growth, driven by its diversified product ecosystem [30][31] - Ping An Insurance reported a 47.8% year-on-year increase in net profit for 2024, supported by a robust strategic layout in comprehensive finance and healthcare [33][34]