Core Insights - A team led by Chinese researchers is attempting to create a high-resolution "brain atlas" at the single-cell level, a significant advancement in neuroscience [1][3] - The research has resulted in ten series of achievements in mesoscopic brain mapping, published in a special issue of the journal "Cell" [1][4] Group 1: Research Achievements - The research has successfully transitioned from rodent models to primate models, highlighting the complexity of primate brains compared to rodents [3][4] - One article published in "Cell" details the whole-brain projection map of single neurons in the prefrontal cortex of macaques, which is crucial for higher cognitive functions [4] - Another article focuses on the striatum, a brain region potentially linked to consciousness, revealing significant structural and cellular type differences between macaques and rodents [4] Group 2: Technological Innovations - The research is supported by advanced autonomous technologies, including cell type analysis and neural connectivity mapping, which are essential for understanding cellular changes in diseases [4] - The imaging and morphological reconstruction technologies enable high-resolution imaging of the entire brain and facilitate high-throughput, rapid data analysis [4] Group 3: Collaborative Efforts - The series of achievements involved over 300 contributors from both domestic and international backgrounds, showcasing the capability for global collaborative research [5] - The complexity and data volume of primate brain mapping necessitate ongoing global scientific cooperation to achieve higher goals in understanding the mesoscopic brain atlas [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a groundbreaking study that presents a mouse brain stereotaxic topographic atlas with isotropic 1 μm resolution, which is expected to enhance multi-omics research at the single-cell level in neuroscience [3][6][8]. Group 1 - The research team, including academicians from Hainan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and UCLA, published their findings in the journal Nature, detailing a 3D brain atlas for mice [3]. - The atlas, named STAM, provides a comprehensive dataset of 916 brain structures and allows for the generation of high-resolution images at any angle [6][8]. - The study utilizes continuous micro-optical sectioning imaging technology to create a dataset based on Nissl staining, achieving isotropic 1 μm resolution [6]. Group 2 - The STAM atlas is designed to support large-scale brain mapping projects by providing data analysis and visualization capabilities [8]. - It includes an informatics platform for visualizing and sharing atlas images, facilitating tasks such as brain slice registration and neuron circuit mapping [6]. - The atlas is compatible with widely used stereotaxic atlases, enabling cross-atlas navigation in both 2D and 3D spaces [6].

Group 1 - The book "Brain Supplement: Researching the Brain to Understand Oneself" addresses the complexities of the human brain, including how it operates and the mechanisms behind various brain diseases such as depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's [2][3] - The human brain weighs approximately 1300 grams and consists of 80 to 100 billion neurons, with a total connection length of up to 100,000 kilometers, making it the most complex "machine" in the world [3] - Advances in technology have significantly propelled brain science research, which is foundational to various fields including artificial intelligence, social sciences, and ethics, highlighting its importance to human health and societal issues [3][4] Group 2 - The book aims to explain the development of the human brain from birth through various life stages, while also discussing common brain diseases and recent advancements in brain science that improve health and quality of life [3][4] - Understanding the brain is crucial for better self-awareness and comprehension of others, which can lead to greater understanding, confidence, and hope for the future [4]