来源：光明日报 本报呼和浩特2月4日电（记者高平、王潇） 据介绍，绿氢（指使用风能、太阳能等可再生能源电解水生产的氢能）是实现碳中和目标的重要能源形 式，但其规模化生产面临一个主要障碍：电解水制氢过程中的高能耗问题，其中析氧反应占据了近90% 的电能消耗。长期以来，科研人员致力于探索可替代析氧反应的低耗能阳极反应，以期通过"开源节 流"的方式提升制氢效率。尿素氧化反应被认为是一个具有前景的替代方向，同时亚硝酸盐作为尿素选 择性氧化的产物之一，在食品、农业和医药等行业应用广泛。因此，利用尿素废水作为阳极原料合成亚 硝酸盐，有望同时实现绿氢的节能制备与高附加值亚硝酸盐的联合生产。然而，传统的尿素氧化反应倾 向于生成氮气，这为目标产物亚硝酸盐的选择性调控带来了显著困难。 研究团队提出了一种创新的催化剂设计策略，成功构建出高效多功能电催化剂，将反应路径导向高附加 值亚硝酸盐的生成与协同产氢，同时显著抑制了氮气副反应的发生，实现了尿素向亚硝酸盐的高效转 化，且具有经济可行性。 该研究实现了反应路径的有效调控，为超低能耗制氢与废水资源化耦合提供了新思路，有望推动绿氢工 业化生产的发展。 该研究服务"双碳"目标，开发尿素节 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of food safety in schools and highlights typical cases of violations to deter illegal activities related to food safety in educational institutions [2]. Group 1: Case Summaries - Case 1: A defendant was sentenced to 7 years in prison for adding sodium nitrite to school lunches, resulting in food poisoning for 56 students [3][4][6]. - Case 2: A defendant was sentenced to 7 months in prison for selling duck meat disguised as beef to a university cafeteria, with sales amounting to over 120,000 yuan [7][8]. - Case 3: A defendant was sentenced to 3 years in prison for embezzling 547,000 yuan from a student nutrition program by substituting chicken legs with wings and falsely reporting expenses [10][12]. Group 2: Legal Implications - The court's decisions reflect a strict stance against food safety violations in schools, aiming to protect students' health and deter similar crimes [6][12]. - The use of sodium nitrite, while permitted in certain meat products, is heavily regulated, and violations can lead to severe legal consequences [5][6]. - The cases illustrate the legal repercussions for fraudulent practices in food supply chains, emphasizing the need for compliance with food safety standards [8][12].

Group 1 - The Supreme People's Court has released eight typical cases related to food safety in schools to strengthen the judicial work on campus food safety and deter violations [1] - The cases cover criminal, civil, and administrative categories, involving various stakeholders from suppliers to regulatory bodies, and address issues such as food labeling, shelf life, and the use of inferior ingredients [1] Group 2 - A restaurant owner was sentenced for food poisoning caused by the illegal use of sodium nitrite in meals supplied to a primary school, resulting in 56 students being hospitalized [2][3] - The court found that the defendant's actions constituted the crime of producing and selling food that does not meet safety standards, leading to a seven-year prison sentence and a fine [2] Group 3 - A supplier was convicted for selling duck meat disguised as beef to school cafeterias, resulting in a sentence of seven months in prison and a fine of 100,000 yuan [4] - The defendant's actions were classified as selling inferior products, highlighting the legal consequences of food fraud in educational institutions [4] Group 4 - A financial manager involved in the rural compulsory education student nutrition improvement program was sentenced for embezzling funds by substituting chicken legs with chicken wings, illegally obtaining over 543,000 yuan [5] - The court ruled that the defendant's actions constituted embezzlement due to the misuse of entrusted funds, resulting in a three-year prison sentence and a fine of 200,000 yuan [5]