网友：最近，西藏金丝野牦牛繁育基地诞生第一头克隆牦牛的新闻让我很感兴趣。据说这头牦牛体重 33.5斤，个头比正常新生牛犊较大，"大块头"跟科技有关吗？克隆牦牛有啥意义？ 近日，西藏（当雄）金丝野牦牛繁育研究基地诞生了第一头克隆牦牛（见图，新华社记者晋美多吉 摄），这一成果是浙江大学生命科学学院教授方盛国团队和西藏自治区高原生物研究所联合攻关取得 的。为了回答读者的问题，记者采访了方盛国教授。 问：为什么要开展克隆牦牛的研究？ 答：西藏牦牛养殖历史悠久，然而传统的放牧方式等因素，让牦牛群变成了破碎化种群，彼此间基因交 流中断、近亲繁殖加剧，不利于牦牛种质资源的长远发展。 答：这头小牦牛，基因有来头。团队构建的牦牛胚胎，包括全基因组AI性状选择的"种子家牦牛"和受到 雪豹、狼、棕熊攻击受伤而被救护的野生牦牛。 由于"种子家牦牛"和野生牦牛的个体均远远大于普通家养牦牛，所以，培育出的这头克隆牦牛犊要比正 常新生牦牛个头大一些。 团队研发突破西藏牦牛专一性的产业级卵母细胞体外成熟培养和产业级体细胞克隆胚胎构建的技术方 法，搭建了一个西藏牦牛快速育种的技术平台。依托技术平台，未来将更好保护牦牛种质资源，快速扩 大优质种 ...

推动高水平科学研究，还需要善于发现机遇，并拥有"甘坐冷板凳"的定力。高考结束不久，选择专业是 不少学生和家长最关心的问题。在国家科技传播中心举行的一场见面会上，有大学生提问中国科协主席 万钢，如何在热门和冷门领域间选择？万钢表示，很多热门学科往往是从冷门开始的，关键是如何瞄准 战略方向去寻找未来需求，哪怕自己的领域开始是小众和冷门的。 对更高技术水平的追求，是科技创新、产业创新的共同目标。最近，在新能源汽车领域，我国又取得了 新的技术突破。全球第一个900伏混动高压架构近日在浙江发布，这款由电驱、电混专用发动机和增程 发电机、增混电池构成的动力系统，打破目前业界普遍使用的400伏架构方案的技术瓶颈。 "高原上还要出高峰"，要打破固有认知，敢于推陈出新。宇宙中普遍存在的"太空冰"，长期被认为是像 液态水一样"完全无序"的物质。英国剑桥大学与伦敦大学学院联合团队通过计算机模拟与实验验证，首 次捕捉到这些神秘冰体内部存在约3纳米宽的微晶体。这项研究有望为研究行星形成、星系演变等宇宙 过程提供新的思路。 大胆想象、源源不断的好奇心，是促使创新的一股强大动力。"未来已来"是人们对于科技飞速发展的深 刻感受。对于走到第十 ...

Core Viewpoint - The successful birth of the world's first cloned yak, utilizing a combination of whole genome selection and somatic cell cloning technology, represents a significant breakthrough in yak breeding and conservation efforts in Tibet [1][2]. Group 1: Cloning Technology and Achievements - The cloned yak was born at the Jin Si Wild Yak Breeding Research Base in Tibet, weighing 16.75 kilograms and exhibiting a larger size than typical newborn yaks [1]. - The research team, led by Professor Fang Shengguo, has developed a systematic cloning technique that has been tested on various species, including domestic cats and sika deer, since 2020 [2]. - The innovative method combines whole genome screening with somatic cell cloning, aiming to produce robust yaks with strong breeding capabilities, faster growth rates, higher meat yields, and better disease resistance [2]. Group 2: Economic and Ecological Implications - The yak is a crucial resource in high-altitude regions, serving as a means of transport and a food source, with its muscle composition aiding in survival in harsh environments [1]. - The local yak population has faced significant challenges, with an average weight growth rate decline of approximately 8% over the past decade and a natural reproduction success rate of only over 20% [1]. - The new cloning technology is expected to reduce the breeding cycle from 20 years to 5 years, enhancing economic benefits and industry potential while preventing genetic degradation [2]. Group 3: Future Directions - The research team has already implanted the first batch of wild yak cloned embryos and plans to focus on the conservation of endangered wild yaks, including the preservation of cells from those killed by predators [2]. - This work is anticipated to play a vital role in the restoration of wild yak populations and their habitats in the future [2].