2015 年于南极冰穹 A 拍摄的我国一系列南极天文望远镜。（受访者供图） 南极中山站仙女峰，庞大的天文圆顶缓缓滑开，数台光学望远镜在中国第42次南极考察队队员操控 下悄然转动。 这是中国天文科学家布设的"天眼"，它们凝望苍穹，探索深空，守护人类共同的太空家园。 观测空间碎片 实现多层次科学目标 随着人类航天活动进入空前密集的时代，失效卫星、火箭残骸和碰撞碎片正以每秒约7至10公里的 速度环绕地球，构成一张日益危险的"碎片网"。 2026 年 1 月，中国第 42 次南极考察队队员周星宇在南极中山站维护天文望远镜。（受访者供图） 极地，特别是南极，是观测空间碎片的"理想窗口"。2021年，中国第38次南极考察队在中山站安装 了第一套实验性空间碎片光学监测望远镜。目前已建成由一组4台150毫米固定指向望远镜阵列和一台 310毫米快速跟踪指向望远镜组成的观测系统。 "中山站常年有人值守，有约2个月的极夜时间，稳定的大气视宁度适合空间碎片的持续监测。"中 国第42次南极考察队队员周星宇说，在前期观测中，150毫米望远镜阵列与国内台站联测，对低轨空间 碎片定轨精度优于50米；310毫米望远镜对低轨目标的最佳探测频次可 ...

今年46岁的徐军，白天用推剪打理发型，夜晚用自制工具"打磨"镜片。五年间，他亲手磨制出三台天文望远镜，这段跨界追梦的经历也让他在 网络走红，成了拥有七十多万粉丝的天文博主。一位理发师为何迷上天文？这双操持剪刀的手，又如何制造出精密的光学仪器？ 五年自制三台天文望远镜 这些年，随着自制天文望远镜在网络"出圈"，徐军在射洪渐渐有了名气。名气带来关注，也带来疑问：一个理发师，真能做得出精密的天文望远镜？ 其实早在徐军小时候，他就对浩瀚的星空充满了好奇。 徐军：小的时候我们住在半山上，晚上帮爸爸妈妈做农活，做累了的时候，躺在地上，一眼就能看到满天的繁星。那时候就想，天上有什么，月亮上有 什么。 徐军真正与天文结缘，源于2017年爱人送的一台天文望远镜。 徐军：看到那些环形山，陨石坑特别亮，细节也特别多，比我们肉眼看到的要丰富很多。当时特别震惊，从此以后，我就对天文望远镜产生了很大的兴 趣。 兴趣驱使他不断观望，直到2020年，他看到一篇普通人自制天文望远镜的报道，一个念头破土而出。 徐军：我看到一篇报道，说一个大叔自制了一台天文望远镜，能清晰的拍到月球表面。当时我特别震惊，这个东西不是高科技的东西吗？我们普通人也 可 ...

Core Points - Uranus will reach its brightest point of the year on November 21, during its opposition, making it an ideal time for public observation [1] - The opposition occurs when Uranus and the Sun are on opposite sides of the Earth, allowing for optimal visibility [1] - The dates for Uranus' opposition shift annually, occurring approximately four days later each year [1] Observation Conditions - The lunar phase on November 21 will be favorable for observation, as there will be no moonlight interference [2] - Observers are encouraged to find Uranus by locating the Pleiades star cluster in Taurus and looking eight full moon widths below it [2] - Using telescopes or binoculars is recommended for better visibility, and astrophotography enthusiasts can use long-focus telescopes with cameras to capture images of Uranus [2]

Core Points - Uranus will reach its brightest point of the year on November 21, during the opposition, making it an ideal time for public observation [1] - The opposition occurs when Uranus and the Sun are on opposite sides of the Earth, allowing for the closest distance and maximum brightness [1] - The dates for Uranus opposition vary each year, typically occurring about four days later annually [1] Observation Conditions - The observation of Uranus is not limited to the day of opposition; the days before and after are also suitable for viewing [2] - Ideal viewing conditions include a location with minimal light pollution and a clear view of the sky [2] - To locate Uranus, observers should find the Pleiades star cluster in Taurus and look eight full moon widths below it [2] Equipment Recommendations - It is recommended to use telescopes or binoculars for better visibility of Uranus [2] - For those interested in astrophotography, attaching a camera to a long-focus telescope is suggested for capturing images of Uranus [2]

Core Points - November will feature several astronomical events including a "Supermoon," lunar occultation of the Pleiades, and Uranus opposition, creating a spectacular celestial display in the autumn sky [1][2] Group 1: Supermoon - The "Supermoon" will occur on the evening of November 5, when the moon reaches its perigee and is full, appearing larger and brighter than usual, with a visual diameter of up to 34 arcminutes [1] Group 2: Lunar Occultation - On November 6, a lunar occultation of the Pleiades star cluster will take place, although bright moonlight may hinder visibility, requiring telescopes for optimal observation [1] Group 3: Uranus Opposition - Uranus will reach opposition on November 21, providing the best viewing opportunity of the year as it will be closest to Earth, appearing with a unique blue-green hue in telescopes [2] Group 4: Observation Recommendations - It is recommended to observe these celestial events in locations away from city lights for better visibility, with most phenomena requiring binoculars or telescopes for enhanced viewing, except for the "Supermoon" which can be seen with the naked eye [2]

Group 1 - The central government, represented by Wang Huning, presented commemorative gifts to the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, including a plaque inscribed with Xi Jinping's message and a "Chinese Unity Respect" statue, symbolizing the government's deep concern and expectations for Xinjiang [1] - The gifts, totaling 11 items, were chosen to meet practical needs while also serving commemorative purposes, including items such as titanium alloy thermos cups, enamel teapots, and medical devices like electrocardiograms and blood pressure monitors [1] - The presentation of these gifts is seen as a commitment from the central government to enhance unity among the diverse ethnic groups in Xinjiang and to support their shared goal of modernization [1]

Group 1 - The core event of Neptune's opposition occurs on September 23, 2023, providing the best opportunity for observation as it will be at its closest distance to Earth, with maximum brightness and apparent diameter [2][4] - Neptune's brightness during this opposition is approximately 7.7 magnitude, making it invisible to the naked eye and requiring a telescope with a minimum aperture of 10 centimeters for observation [4][6] - The opposition of Neptune happens every 367 days, with the previous one occurring on September 21, 2024, indicating a consistent cycle for astronomical events [2] Group 2 - The proximity of Saturn and Neptune during this period allows observers to use Saturn, which has a brightness of about 0.6 magnitude, as a reference point to locate Neptune in the night sky [6] - Observers are advised to utilize telescopes with larger apertures, ideally 20 centimeters or more, to potentially view Neptune's blue disk [6]

Group 1 - The core event of Neptune's opposition occurs on September 23, 2023, providing the best opportunity for observation as it will be at its closest distance to Earth, with maximum brightness and apparent diameter [2][5] - Neptune's brightness during this opposition is approximately 7.7 magnitude, making it invisible to the naked eye and requiring a telescope with an aperture of at least 10 centimeters for observation [5][7] - The opposition of Neptune happens every 367 days, with the previous one occurring on September 21, 2024, and this year's event coinciding with the autumn equinox [2][5] Group 2 - Observers are advised to use Saturn, which has a brightness of about 0.6 magnitude, as a reference point to locate Neptune in the night sky [7] - The close timing of Neptune and Saturn's oppositions, occurring just two days apart, indicates that both planets are moving in a similar manner through the constellation Pisces during late September [5][7]

Group 1 - Apple's stock price fell by 1.48% to $234.35 after the launch of the iPhone 17 series, which did not surprise the market [3] - The iPhone 17 series is expected to be produced in China and India, potentially affected by U.S. tariff policies [3] - Investors expressed disappointment over Apple's lack of focus on software and artificial intelligence during the product launch [3] Group 2 - Zhaomi Technology announced the establishment of an Astronomy Business Unit (BU) focused on intelligent astronomical optical systems [4] - The Astronomy BU aims to create a "Sky Eye" and is working on mass production of large-diameter optical lenses for smart telescopes [4] Group 3 - Oracle's stock surged by 42%, leading to Larry Ellison briefly becoming the world's richest person with a net worth increase of approximately $890 billion [7][9] - Oracle's quarterly earnings exceeded market expectations, significantly boosting its remaining performance obligations (RPO) and cloud infrastructure revenue guidance [7] Group 4 - Novo Nordisk announced plans to lay off approximately 9,000 employees globally as part of a company-wide transformation to streamline operations [19] - The layoffs are expected to save 8 billion Danish Krone annually by the end of 2026 [19] Group 5 - PsiQuantum, a quantum computing startup, raised $1 billion in funding, achieving a valuation of $7 billion, with plans to establish large quantum computing facilities in Australia and Chicago [19] - The funding will enhance the company's chip performance and support its expansion efforts [19] Group 6 - The Chinese automotive market saw a retail increase of 4.6% year-on-year in August, with a total of 2 million vehicles sold [24] - The average price of passenger cars in China for the first eight months of 2025 was 170,000 yuan, a decrease of 0.7 thousand yuan compared to 2024 [24]

Core Points - Mercury will have its best observation opportunity during the western elongation on August 19, 2023, with favorable conditions for the public to view the planet if the weather permits [1][4] - Mercury is the hardest planet to observe due to its proximity to the Sun, often being obscured by sunlight [2] - The best time to observe Mercury is during its greatest angular distance from the Sun, known as "greatest elongation," which occurs approximately every 116 days [2][4] Observation Conditions - This western elongation will allow Mercury to be seen in the eastern low sky during dawn, with a horizon height of about 18 degrees and a brightness of 0 magnitude [4] - Observers using telescopes may also see Mercury in a crescent shape, with approximately 40% of its surface illuminated by the Sun [4] - The observation opportunity is not limited to August 19; several days before and after also provide chances to view Mercury due to minimal height variation [7]