过了很久才决定写这个话题，也就是《老友记》里的马修·派瑞之死。当时听说他死了，心情沉重了一 整天。后来想想，迟早的。 我对《老友记》有种特别奇怪的感觉，总觉得那部剧就是我的大学。 大学时候老师说是咱们学英语缺乏语言环境，最好的办法就是找一部英语电影，反复看，看到听懂每一 个单词为止。然后他给推荐了个电视剧，也就是当时火得不得了的《老友记》。 我也是看了不知道多少遍，后来一边玩游戏一边听，突然有天发现能听懂了，这个过程几乎伴随了我整 个大学期间。当时整天跟朋友讨论里边的剧情，很多东西都固化成了自己生命的一部分。 所以每次想起《老友记》，都想起我的大学，用文艺的话说，逝去的青春。而且吧，陪伴久了，对那里 边每个角色都有很深的感情，就跟儿时玩伴似的，后来发现很多人都有这种感受。 也正是因为对角色的感情，我这些年看到他们的新闻，都会点进去看，本文也是这些年零星看到的内容 的汇总，可能难免有错误的地方，还请大家指出。 当时为了止疼，咱们也不知道到底有多疼，医生给开了一种强效的止疼药，奥施康定。 这药是一种非常强效的止疼药，而且是处方药，就是那种你去药店没有医生处方是开不出来的，随便吃 这东西容易吃死，从此他和这个药彻底 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the fentanyl crisis in the United States, highlighting its origins, the factors contributing to its widespread abuse, and the challenges in combating it. It emphasizes the role of pharmaceutical companies, regulatory failures, and societal issues in exacerbating the crisis. Group 1: Understanding Fentanyl - Fentanyl is a potent opioid that can trigger significant euphoria and pain relief by activating brain opioid receptors, but it also poses a high risk of addiction and overdose [10][11][19]. - The drug is 50 times more potent than heroin and can be lethal in very small doses, making it easy to mix with other illegal drugs [19][20][22]. - Fentanyl's low production cost and ease of synthesis contribute to its prevalence in the drug market, with reports indicating that precursor chemicals can be purchased online for about $3,600, enough to produce fentanyl worth $300 million [22]. Group 2: The Role of Pharmaceutical Companies - The opioid crisis began in the late 1990s when pharmaceutical companies, notably Purdue Pharma, aggressively marketed prescription opioids, downplaying their addictive potential [25][29][37]. - Purdue Pharma's OxyContin sales skyrocketed from $480 million in 1996 to over $3 billion by 2010, driven by extensive marketing and incentives to doctors [37][38]. - Despite early warnings about addiction, Purdue continued to promote higher dosages, leading to widespread misuse and addiction among patients [41][45]. Group 3: Regulatory Failures - The FDA's approval of OxyContin included misleading claims about its safety and lower addiction risk, which contributed to its widespread acceptance among healthcare providers [62][66]. - Legislative actions, such as the Marino Act, weakened the DEA's enforcement capabilities, allowing the opioid crisis to escalate [70][79]. - Corruption among border officials has facilitated the smuggling of fentanyl into the U.S., with reports indicating that a significant percentage of border enforcement personnel may be involved in corrupt activities [90][93]. Group 4: Societal Impact and Response - The fentanyl crisis has led to significant changes in American family structures, law enforcement, and healthcare systems, affecting political discourse [7][8]. - The CDC has played a crucial role in monitoring the crisis and providing guidelines to mitigate opioid misuse, although it lacks enforcement power [130][136]. - Recent efforts to distribute naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug, have increased, with over 2.1 million prescriptions filled in 2023, reflecting a growing recognition of the need for harm reduction strategies [153][155]. Group 5: Ongoing Challenges - Despite a reported decline in overdose deaths, the crisis remains unresolved, with ongoing issues related to addiction treatment and societal support systems [164][166]. - The article highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that includes law enforcement, healthcare, and community support to effectively combat the opioid epidemic [166].

Core Points - The article discusses the fentanyl crisis in the United States, highlighting its devastating impact on society, including family structures, law enforcement, and healthcare systems [3][4] - Fentanyl, a potent opioid, has led to more deaths than U.S. military casualties in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan combined, emphasizing the severity of the crisis [2] Group 1: Fentanyl Characteristics - Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is 50 times more potent than heroin, leading to a high potential for addiction and overdose [11] - A minuscule amount of fentanyl can cause respiratory depression and death, making it particularly dangerous [12] - Fentanyl can be easily manufactured in small labs, contributing to its widespread availability [13] Group 2: Origins of the Crisis - The opioid crisis began in the late 1990s when pharmaceutical companies, notably Purdue Pharma, aggressively marketed prescription opioids like OxyContin [15][19] - Purdue Pharma's marketing strategies included lavish seminars for doctors, resulting in a significant increase in prescriptions [22][28] - The company falsely claimed that OxyContin had a low risk of addiction, misleading both doctors and patients [38] Group 3: Regulatory Failures - The FDA's approval of OxyContin was influenced by a former FDA official who later joined Purdue Pharma, raising concerns about regulatory integrity [48][50] - Legislative actions, such as the Marino Act, weakened the DEA's ability to combat the opioid crisis by raising enforcement thresholds [59][63] Group 4: Border Corruption and Drug Trafficking - Over 90% of fentanyl entering the U.S. comes through the Mexico border, often hidden in legitimate shipments [69] - Corruption among border officials has facilitated the smuggling of fentanyl, with numerous cases of bribery reported [71][75] Group 5: Public Health Response - The CDC has played a crucial role in monitoring the crisis and providing guidelines to mitigate opioid misuse [102][104] - The distribution of naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug, has been expanded to save lives [117][125] Group 6: Ongoing Challenges - Despite a recent decline in overdose deaths, the fentanyl crisis remains a significant public health issue, with systemic failures in healthcare and social support contributing to ongoing addiction problems [128][133] - The need for comprehensive treatment and prevention strategies is emphasized, as enforcement alone is insufficient to address the crisis [135][136]

Core Points - The article discusses the severe impact of fentanyl on American society, highlighting its role in the opioid crisis and the challenges in combating its spread [3][105] - Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid that is significantly more addictive and lethal than other opioids, leading to a dramatic increase in overdose deaths [9][10][12] Group 1: Fentanyl Characteristics - Fentanyl activates brain opioid receptors, leading to intense euphoria and pain relief, but also poses a high risk of addiction and withdrawal symptoms [5][7] - It is 50 times more potent than heroin and can cause respiratory failure with a minuscule dose, making it easy to overdose [10][12] - Fentanyl can be synthesized in small labs without the need for poppy cultivation, making it easier to produce and distribute [11][12] Group 2: Historical Context and Regulatory Failures - The opioid crisis began in the late 1990s when pharmaceutical companies, notably Purdue Pharma, aggressively marketed opioids like OxyContin, downplaying their addictive potential [15][18][34] - Purdue Pharma's marketing strategies included lavish seminars for doctors and misleading claims about the safety of their products, leading to widespread over-prescription [20][23][27] - Regulatory bodies like the FDA failed to adequately control the marketing and distribution of opioids, allowing the crisis to escalate [39][41] Group 3: Legislative and Enforcement Challenges - The DEA's enforcement capabilities were weakened by legislation that raised the bar for taking action against suspicious drug distribution [50][56] - Corruption at border control has facilitated the smuggling of fentanyl into the U.S., with a significant portion entering through legal ports of entry [61][63] - The evolving nature of fentanyl production makes it difficult for law enforcement to keep up, as new synthetic variants are constantly developed [67][70] Group 4: Public Health Response - The CDC has played a crucial role in monitoring the crisis and providing guidelines to mitigate opioid misuse, although it lacks enforcement power [88][90] - Recent efforts to distribute naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug, have shown promise in reducing overdose deaths, but challenges remain in addressing addiction [99][101] - The article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach that includes treatment, education, and community support to effectively combat the fentanyl crisis [110][111]

Core Viewpoint - Fentanyl, a pharmaceutical painkiller, has transformed into a deadly drug that is devastating families and impacting the entire nation of the United States, revealing deep issues of corporate greed, regulatory failures, and political corruption [1] Group 1: Impact on Society - Fentanyl has caused more deaths than wars, highlighting a significant public health crisis [1] - The drug's proliferation is linked to the failures of pharmaceutical companies, regulatory bodies, and political lobbying [1] Group 2: Regulatory and Corporate Failures - The crisis began with Purdue Pharma's OxyContin and has been exacerbated by the FDA's "revolving door" corruption and Congress undermining the DEA's authority [1] - The intertwining of corporate interests and regulatory failures has led to a breakdown of societal defenses against drug abuse [1] Group 3: Current Trends and Future Outlook - Despite a rare decrease in overdose deaths in 2024, the long-term implications of this trend remain uncertain, raising questions about whether this is a sign of hope or merely a temporary relief [1] - The ongoing public health battle against fentanyl continues to seek effective solutions and remedies [1]