"机器人研发真正的挑战在于硬件设计，尤其是手和前臂的复杂工程难题。" 这句看似简单的判断，却精准道破了人形机器人发展至今极为核心的一个瓶颈——拥有一双能够像人类一样灵活操作的"手"，远比让机器人学会走路、跑 步要困难得多。 诚然，让机器人稳定行走已属不易，但要让它真正进入真实的生活场景，完成端茶倒水、操作工具、精细装配等任务，灵巧手就成为不可或缺的关键。这 不仅是技术上的挑战，更是机器人能否从演示走向实用的分水岭。 值得期待的是，随着材料、传感与控制技术的突破，一双双能穿针引线、拿鸡蛋、弹古筝、冲咖啡的灵巧手，在不久前的WAIC（世界人工智能大会）和 WRC（世界机器人大赛）上惊喜亮相，并加速走进日常生活。 今天，让我们走进灵巧手的创新世界，看看这双正在成长的"手"，将怎样改变我们的生活，延伸人类的能力边界。 一双巧手，是怎样"炼"成的？ 手是进化赋予人类最大的优势之一，它由27块骨骼、29个关节和上百条肌肉、韧带协同构成，既可以完成捏起一枚绣花针的精细动作，也能承担数十公斤 的重物搬运。 当我们期待机器人真正走进人类的日常时，同样离不开一双灵巧的"手"。足让机器人得以行走、跳跃，但只有双手，才能让它真正操作 ...

Core Viewpoint - The current landscape of dexterous hand technology is characterized by diverse approaches from different manufacturers, with no unified solution yet established, reflecting a balance between performance, cost, and reliability [1] Summary by Sections Trends in Dexterous Hand Technology - The core area of differentiation in technology routes is the transmission system, with Tesla's Optimus evolving from a "worm gear + tendon" solution to a rumored "screw + tendon" hybrid transmission for its fourth generation, enhancing freedom while optimizing force transmission efficiency [2] - Domestic companies primarily use linkage transmission, such as the RH56BFX series from Yinshi Robotics, which achieves 11 degrees of freedom through linkage and spring transmission [2] - Some companies have broken through the limitations of previous solutions, like Zhiyuan Robotics' five-finger dexterous hand using a mixed scheme of screw + linkage + turbine rod + tendon, indicating a potential return to the mainstream for the screw + tendon composite scheme [4] Technical Innovations and Challenges - Innovations have addressed previous bottlenecks of tendon solutions, with domestic manufacturers finding better solutions to issues like precision control and wear [6] - The use of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) in tendon materials has shown promise, with Chinese production accounting for nearly 50% of global supply [8] - Tactile sensors have become standard in dexterous hands, with various implementations enhancing environmental interaction capabilities [8][10] - The main technical challenges lie in hardware and software, particularly in achieving high degrees of freedom within compact structures while controlling costs [10][12] Market Dynamics and Player Strategies - The dexterous hand market participants can be categorized into three main groups: self-research entities, new dexterous hand forces, and component extension players, each leveraging unique advantages to occupy niche markets [15] - Self-research entities focus on optimizing overall machine performance through in-house dexterous hand development, while new forces prioritize core technology breakthroughs and rapid market entry [17] - Component extension players leverage supply chain advantages, with companies like Zhaowei Electromechanical and Leisai Intelligent developing dexterous hands that integrate self-researched micro-reducers and sensors [19] Future Outlook - The industry is expected to experience significant growth, driven by continuous investment, policy support, and the expansion of application scenarios [22] - Deep bionic design is seen as a long-term direction for dexterous hand development, aiming to fully simulate human hand functions and reduce interaction costs [22] - The integration of AI models with dexterous hands is anticipated to enhance operational skill learning and adaptability, supporting the scale application of dexterous hands in various fields [24][25]