繁星秘语，旷野聆听。在南非卡鲁荒漠深处，数十台射电望远镜呈旋臂状铺陈，巡天望远，探索着宇宙 的奥秘——这是中国首个深度参与的国际大科学工程"平方公里阵列射电望远镜"（SKA）。SKA是由全 球多国出资共同建造和运行的世界最大规模综合孔径射电望远镜，被誉为"世界巨眼"。日前，记者深入 该项目南非台址，采访多位科学家及工程人员，了解其最新建设进展及科学发现。 进入SKA南非台址有特殊规定，所有人员从近百公里外的卡那封小镇启程时就需处于"无线电静默"，一 切手机信号、无线网络、蓝牙、热点均须关闭。记者随采访车队向SKA项目现场进发，沿途是看不尽的 荒原景象。当高耸的碟形天线远远出现在视野中时，大家不由得惊呼"终于有了发现"。车行愈近，天线 越多，它们像一把把洁白的撑天巨伞，静静矗立于荒原之上。 "从上空看，它们是一个从中心向外逆时针旋臂展开的阵列，越往中心天线越密集，越向外天线的间隔 距离越大。"SKA中频望远镜总监林赛·马格努斯向记者介绍，"这种阵列布局是为了更好地覆盖信号， 在不同频率和方向上有更好的接收及连接效果。" 走进碟形天线阵列，每台天线支架高约11米，支撑起15米翼展的主反射面，这些"大盘子"时而以设 ...

Core Insights - The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is a major international scientific project aimed at building the world's largest radio telescope, with significant participation from China [5][9][11] - The SKA project is divided into two sites: one in South Africa and the other in Australia, chosen for their low light pollution and optimal conditions for astronomical observations [6][9] - The project aims to enhance our understanding of the universe through advanced radio astronomy techniques, with a focus on high sensitivity, wide-field surveys, and rapid observation capabilities [10][12] Project Overview - SKA is a collaborative effort involving multiple countries, initiated in 1993, and has evolved into a global scientific partnership [9][11] - The South African site will consist of thousands of 15-meter diameter dish antennas, utilizing radio interferometry to enhance signal reception [6][8] - As of now, 64 antennas have been constructed at the South African site, with an additional 15 antennas designed and built by Chinese teams currently being assembled [6][11] Technical Features - The SKA's design allows for a large effective aperture, significantly increasing its sensitivity and ability to detect faint signals from the universe [9][10] - The MeerKAT telescope, a precursor to SKA, has already achieved notable scientific results, including imaging the center of the Milky Way and detecting signals from distant galaxies [10][12] - The project generates approximately 8 terabytes of data per second, which is processed and analyzed by supercomputers to facilitate global scientific collaboration [8][10] International Collaboration - China plays a crucial role in the SKA project, contributing to the design and construction of the mid-frequency antennas and participating in the SKA Regional Science Center [11][12] - The collaboration between SKA and China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) is expected to enhance research capabilities in various fields of astronomy [12] - The SKA project exemplifies the importance of international cooperation in advancing scientific knowledge and addressing complex challenges in data processing and analysis [9][12]

Core Insights - The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is a major international scientific project involving multiple countries, aimed at building the world's largest radio telescope to explore cosmic mysteries [1][5][6] Group 1: Project Overview - SKA is a collaborative effort involving ten countries, including China, which plays a significant role in the project [6][7] - The project features two main sites: one in South Africa and another in Australia, chosen for their low light pollution and optimal conditions for astronomical observations [2][4] - The South African site will consist of thousands of 15-meter diameter dish antennas arranged in a spiral pattern to enhance signal reception [2][4] Group 2: Technical Features - SKA utilizes a technique called radio interferometry, allowing multiple antennas to work together to create a larger effective aperture for observing the universe [2][4] - The project is expected to generate massive amounts of data, approximately 8 terabytes per second, which will be processed by supercomputers and shared with scientists worldwide [4][6] - SKA's design allows for high sensitivity and resolution, enabling the detection of previously undetectable faint signals from the cosmos [5][6] Group 3: Scientific Contributions - The MeerKAT telescope, a precursor to SKA, has already achieved significant scientific milestones, including imaging the center of the Milky Way and discovering a giant galaxy [6][8] - The project aims to enhance understanding of cosmic phenomena, such as the evolution of galaxies and the behavior of dark matter [6][8] - Collaboration between SKA and China's FAST telescope is expected to yield new insights into the universe, leveraging the strengths of both facilities [7][8]

Core Points - The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is the world's largest radio telescope project, involving multiple countries, including China, and aims to explore the mysteries of the universe [1][5][6] - The SKA project has two main sites: one in South Africa and another in Australia, chosen for their low light pollution and optimal conditions for astronomical observations [2][4] - The South African site will consist of thousands of 15-meter diameter dish antennas, with 64 antennas already constructed and an additional 15 designed and built by Chinese teams [2][4][7] Group 1: Project Overview - SKA is a collaborative international scientific project initiated in 1993 by ten countries, transitioning to a government-level organization in 2021 [5][6] - The project aims to achieve high sensitivity, high resolution, and rapid observation capabilities, significantly enhancing humanity's understanding of the universe [6][7] - The MeerKAT telescope, part of the SKA project, has already produced significant observational results, including images of the Milky Way's center and the detection of signals from distant galaxies [6][7] Group 2: Technical Aspects - The SKA's design includes a unique array layout that optimizes signal reception across various frequencies and directions [3][4] - The project generates approximately 8 terabytes of data per second, which is processed by supercomputers and shared with scientists worldwide [4][5] - The dish antennas are designed with high precision, ensuring effective collection of radio waves from space, which is crucial for achieving observational goals [7] Group 3: International Collaboration - China plays a significant role in the SKA project, contributing to the design and construction of antennas and participating in scientific research [6][7] - The collaboration between SKA and China's FAST telescope represents a significant partnership in astronomical research, leveraging the strengths of both facilities [7] - The project emphasizes the importance of global cooperation in data processing and analysis to tackle the challenges posed by the vast amounts of data generated [5][6]

Core Insights - An international research team has detected neutral hydrogen signals from 11 galaxies located over 4 billion light-years away using the South African MeerKAT radio telescope, marking a significant advancement in astrophysical research [1][2] - The detection of these signals, which represent a 21-centimeter wavelength radio emission, allows scientists to observe gas distribution and dynamics in distant galaxies, contributing to the understanding of star formation processes [1] - One of the galaxies identified has set a record for the farthest neutral hydrogen signal detected using interferometric observation techniques, with a redshift value of z=0.3841 [1] Group 1 - The MeerKAT radio telescope is operated by the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory and is a precursor to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, consisting of 64 dish antennas [1] - The findings from this research will aid in validating a key principle of galaxy dynamics and provide insights into the distribution and evolution of dark matter within galaxies [1] - The research paper detailing these findings was published in the latest issue of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society on October 6 [1] Group 2 - The SKA is a collaborative international scientific project involving multiple countries, designed to be the largest integrated aperture radio telescope in the world, with components located in Australia and South Africa [2] - The SKA's name derives from its total receiving area of approximately one square kilometer, highlighting its scale and significance in the field of radio astronomy [2]

新华社开普敦9月30日电 记者手记｜国际大科学工程中的中国贡献——实地探访平方公里阵列射电望 远镜南非台址 新华社记者王雷 王晓梅 从南非立法首都开普敦向东北方向驱车660多公里，便可抵达位于南非北开普省卡鲁地区的卡那封小 镇。这座小镇曾鲜为人知，如今却因为一项举世瞩目的国际大科学工程"平方公里阵列射电望远 镜"（SKA）而聚集了来自多个国家的科学家和工程师，也吸引了全球媒体的关注。 SKA是由全球多国出资共同建造和运行的世界最大规模综合孔径射电望远镜，也是中国深度参与的一项 重要国际大科学工程，由位于澳大利亚西部的低频阵列和位于南非及南部非洲8国的中频阵列两部分组 成，因接收总面积约"1平方公里"而得名。 从卡那封镇中心乘车再向西北行驶约90公里，记者抵达SKA南非台址。下车后首先映入眼帘的，是作为 SKA先导项目的南非MeerKAT射电望远镜。卡鲁荒原的广袤天空下，64台直径13.5米的六边形碟状天线 整齐列阵，远远望去就像一支训练有素的军队，步调一致，动作沉稳而精确。阳光下，白色天线的反射 面闪耀着光泽，与荒凉的褐色大地形成鲜明对比。 在距离MeerKAT射电望远镜不远处，伫立着3台看起来略微不同的碟状 ...

在传统印象中，大质量黑洞往往"盘踞"在星系中心。然而，中国科学院上海天文台安涛研究员带领的国际团队在一个距离地球约2.3亿光年的矮星系里发现 了一个黑洞。该黑洞没有处在星系核心，而是偏离中心约3千光年，并且喷射出射电喷流。综合多个观测特征，科研人员确认这是一个正在活跃吸积、拥有 喷流的游离黑洞。 （总台央视记者 帅俊全 褚尔嘉） 这项发现进一步强化了"黑洞增长并非仅限星系中心"的认识，也为理解早期宇宙中超大质量黑洞的快速生长提供了新视角。相关成果于2025年9月5日在学术 期刊《科学通报》英文版在线发表。 据了解，未来随着FAST核心阵和平方公里阵列射电望远镜（SKA）的建成，天文学家将有机会以更高灵敏度和分辨率进行系统巡天，探测到更微弱的射电 信号，甚至直接分辨出亚秒差距级别的微型喷流，为偏核黑洞的确认和统计研究带来突破。 △该黑洞位置示意图 ...

Core Viewpoint - China's astronomy is transitioning from "catching up" to "keeping pace" and even "leading" in the field of astronomical observation, as evidenced by the successful operation of major scientific instruments like the FAST and LAMOST telescopes, and participation in international scientific projects like SKA and GOTTA [1] Group 1: Current Developments in Astronomy - The FAST telescope has achieved world-leading status in low-frequency radio astronomy, while space telescopes like Tianwen, Wukong, and Weiyan form a detection matrix in high-energy astrophysics [1] - The upcoming China Space Station Engineering Survey Telescope (CSST) is expected to generate unprecedented amounts of data, discovering thousands of gravitational lens systems crucial for dark matter and dark energy research [2] Group 2: Public Engagement and Education - The CSST's data will serve as a significant scientific resource and a vehicle for public science education, encouraging societal participation in cosmic research and enhancing scientific literacy [2] - The National Astronomical Data Center has established a leading advantage in public astronomy science, utilizing AI models to create intelligent astronomy learning communities that allow public participation in scientific exploration [2] Group 3: Citizen Science Initiatives - The public's involvement in astronomy has accelerated data mining and made scientific exploration a shared endeavor, exemplified by projects like the China-VO supernova search, which has engaged thousands of participants [3] - Experts emphasize the importance of a robust reward mechanism to sustain public contributions to scientific research, advocating for a system that transforms contributions into growth resources [3][4] Group 4: Technological Advancements - The rise of big data, artificial intelligence, and global observation networks is profoundly changing the research methods in astronomy, injecting unprecedented vitality into the field through public science initiatives [4]