新华社开普敦9月30日电 记者手记｜国际大科学工程中的中国贡献——实地探访平方公里阵列射电望 远镜南非台址 新华社记者王雷 王晓梅 从南非立法首都开普敦向东北方向驱车660多公里，便可抵达位于南非北开普省卡鲁地区的卡那封小 镇。这座小镇曾鲜为人知，如今却因为一项举世瞩目的国际大科学工程"平方公里阵列射电望远 镜"（SKA）而聚集了来自多个国家的科学家和工程师，也吸引了全球媒体的关注。 SKA是由全球多国出资共同建造和运行的世界最大规模综合孔径射电望远镜，也是中国深度参与的一项 重要国际大科学工程，由位于澳大利亚西部的低频阵列和位于南非及南部非洲8国的中频阵列两部分组 成，因接收总面积约"1平方公里"而得名。 从卡那封镇中心乘车再向西北行驶约90公里，记者抵达SKA南非台址。下车后首先映入眼帘的，是作为 SKA先导项目的南非MeerKAT射电望远镜。卡鲁荒原的广袤天空下，64台直径13.5米的六边形碟状天线 整齐列阵，远远望去就像一支训练有素的军队，步调一致，动作沉稳而精确。阳光下，白色天线的反射 面闪耀着光泽，与荒凉的褐色大地形成鲜明对比。 在距离MeerKAT射电望远镜不远处，伫立着3台看起来略微不同的碟状 ...

在传统印象中，大质量黑洞往往"盘踞"在星系中心。然而，中国科学院上海天文台安涛研究员带领的国际团队在一个距离地球约2.3亿光年的矮星系里发现 了一个黑洞。该黑洞没有处在星系核心，而是偏离中心约3千光年，并且喷射出射电喷流。综合多个观测特征，科研人员确认这是一个正在活跃吸积、拥有 喷流的游离黑洞。 （总台央视记者 帅俊全 褚尔嘉） 这项发现进一步强化了"黑洞增长并非仅限星系中心"的认识，也为理解早期宇宙中超大质量黑洞的快速生长提供了新视角。相关成果于2025年9月5日在学术 期刊《科学通报》英文版在线发表。 据了解，未来随着FAST核心阵和平方公里阵列射电望远镜（SKA）的建成，天文学家将有机会以更高灵敏度和分辨率进行系统巡天，探测到更微弱的射电 信号，甚至直接分辨出亚秒差距级别的微型喷流，为偏核黑洞的确认和统计研究带来突破。 △该黑洞位置示意图 ...

Core Viewpoint - China's astronomy is transitioning from "catching up" to "keeping pace" and even "leading" in the field of astronomical observation, as evidenced by the successful operation of major scientific instruments like the FAST and LAMOST telescopes, and participation in international scientific projects like SKA and GOTTA [1] Group 1: Current Developments in Astronomy - The FAST telescope has achieved world-leading status in low-frequency radio astronomy, while space telescopes like Tianwen, Wukong, and Weiyan form a detection matrix in high-energy astrophysics [1] - The upcoming China Space Station Engineering Survey Telescope (CSST) is expected to generate unprecedented amounts of data, discovering thousands of gravitational lens systems crucial for dark matter and dark energy research [2] Group 2: Public Engagement and Education - The CSST's data will serve as a significant scientific resource and a vehicle for public science education, encouraging societal participation in cosmic research and enhancing scientific literacy [2] - The National Astronomical Data Center has established a leading advantage in public astronomy science, utilizing AI models to create intelligent astronomy learning communities that allow public participation in scientific exploration [2] Group 3: Citizen Science Initiatives - The public's involvement in astronomy has accelerated data mining and made scientific exploration a shared endeavor, exemplified by projects like the China-VO supernova search, which has engaged thousands of participants [3] - Experts emphasize the importance of a robust reward mechanism to sustain public contributions to scientific research, advocating for a system that transforms contributions into growth resources [3][4] Group 4: Technological Advancements - The rise of big data, artificial intelligence, and global observation networks is profoundly changing the research methods in astronomy, injecting unprecedented vitality into the field through public science initiatives [4]