人工智能大模型你追我赶，芯片自主研发有了新突破，我国成为创新力上升最快的经济体之一。天问二号开启"追星"之旅，雅下水电工程开 工建设，首艘电磁弹射型航母正式入列。人形机器人亮出"功夫模式"，无人机演绎绚丽"烟花"……回眸2025，科技与产业深度融合，创新成果竞 相涌现。 走进2026，从微观到宏观、从基础到应用，重大成果正由"点状突破"迈向"系统爆发"，"硬核实力"与"民生温度"共同勾勒出中国科技新答卷 的鲜明底色。 深空深海齐发力 向深远空间与海洋不断挺进，中国探索的足迹拓展至前所未及之境。 首次揭示月球背面约28亿年前仍存在年轻的岩浆活动；获取人类首份月背古磁场信息；系统阐释了月壤的独特黏聚行为……2025年，嫦娥六 号带回的1935.3克月壤样品持续产出成果，为未来月球探测任务提供重要科学依据。 中国空间站步入常态化运营，不仅作为航天员的"太空家园"，更化身为产出重大科学成果的"太空实验室"：舱内"太空炼丹炉"突破3100℃超 高温纪录，为材料科学研究开辟新平台；四只"太空鼠"完成两周太空实验，为深空生命保障技术积累宝贵数据。 深海探测同样捷报频传。"奋斗者"号载人潜水器完成我国首次北极密集冰区载人深潜 ...

（文章来源：证券日报） 证券日报网讯 12月30日，中国铁建在互动平台回答投资者提问时表示，2016年，公司所属十一局集团 参建的世界上最大的单口径射电望远镜（英文简称FAST）在贵州省平塘县落成启用，标志着中国可以 正式开始收听来自太空深处的无线电波，探秘宇宙变迁、地外新星和生命体。被誉为"中国天眼"的500 米口径球面射电望远镜，总面积达25万平方米，相当于30个标准足球场大小，能接收到137亿光年以外 的电磁信号，它的正式启用，将为我国在宇宙大尺度物理学、物质深层次结构和规律等众多基础研究领 域提供发展和突破的机遇。作为FAST项目建设中的一支重要力量，十一局集团先后参与了该项目进场 道路、台址开挖、引水隧洞、科研综合楼、移民房建等土建工程。 ...

Core Insights - China has become a global hub for scientific research, as highlighted by experts at the Hong Kong Crown Forum 2025, emphasizing the country's achievements in various fields [1][2]. Group 1: Scientific Collaboration - Nobel laureate Reinhard Genzel noted the close collaboration between Chinese researchers and international scientists, particularly in the field of black hole research and galaxy evolution [1][2]. - Genzel emphasized the importance of international cooperation in large-scale projects to alleviate financial pressures, despite political challenges affecting collaborations [2]. Group 2: Advancements in Microscopy - Wolfgang Baumeister, a recipient of the 2025 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine, stated that China may possess the largest number of high-end microscopes globally, facilitating significant advancements in cryo-electron tomography [3][5]. - Baumeister highlighted the efficiency of decision-making in China regarding the procurement of expensive research equipment, which contrasts with challenges faced in other countries due to political factors [5]. Group 3: Mathematical Research Trends - Nigel Hitchin, a British mathematician, observed a trend of talented mathematicians returning to China, where they are valued and provided with ample research opportunities [6][8]. - Hitchin discussed the increasing complexity of mathematical concepts and the growing reliance on computers and artificial intelligence in research, indicating a shift in methodologies [7][8].

Core Insights - The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is a major international scientific project involving multiple countries, aimed at building the world's largest radio telescope to explore cosmic mysteries [1][4][5] - The SKA project has two main sites: one in South Africa and the other in Australia, chosen for their low light pollution and optimal conditions for astronomical observations [2][3] Project Overview - SKA is designed to consist of thousands of 15-meter diameter dish antennas spread over a 3000-kilometer radius, utilizing radio interferometry to enhance signal reception [2][4] - The South African site has completed the initial phase with 64 antennas built, including 15 antennas designed and constructed by Chinese teams [2][4] Technical Features - The SKA's array layout allows for better signal coverage and reception across different frequencies and directions, enhancing its observational capabilities [3][4] - The project generates approximately 8 terabytes of data per second, which is processed by supercomputers and shared with scientists globally [4][5] Scientific Contributions - SKA is expected to significantly advance human understanding of the universe, with early results from the MeerKAT telescope already yielding important discoveries, such as imaging the center of the Milky Way and detecting signals from distant galaxies [6][7] - The project aims to explore various cosmic phenomena, including the evolution of large galaxies, the behavior of pulsars, and the dynamics of cosmic gas [6][7] International Collaboration - The SKA project is a collaborative effort involving multiple countries, with China playing a crucial role by providing key components and participating in scientific research [5][7] - The partnership between SKA and China's FAST telescope is expected to enhance research capabilities, combining strengths in observational depth and efficiency [7]

Core Insights - The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is a major international scientific project aimed at building the world's largest radio telescope, with significant participation from China [5][9][11] - The SKA project is divided into two sites: one in South Africa and the other in Australia, chosen for their low light pollution and optimal conditions for astronomical observations [6][9] - The project aims to enhance our understanding of the universe through advanced radio astronomy techniques, with a focus on high sensitivity, wide-field surveys, and rapid observation capabilities [10][12] Project Overview - SKA is a collaborative effort involving multiple countries, initiated in 1993, and has evolved into a global scientific partnership [9][11] - The South African site will consist of thousands of 15-meter diameter dish antennas, utilizing radio interferometry to enhance signal reception [6][8] - As of now, 64 antennas have been constructed at the South African site, with an additional 15 antennas designed and built by Chinese teams currently being assembled [6][11] Technical Features - The SKA's design allows for a large effective aperture, significantly increasing its sensitivity and ability to detect faint signals from the universe [9][10] - The MeerKAT telescope, a precursor to SKA, has already achieved notable scientific results, including imaging the center of the Milky Way and detecting signals from distant galaxies [10][12] - The project generates approximately 8 terabytes of data per second, which is processed and analyzed by supercomputers to facilitate global scientific collaboration [8][10] International Collaboration - China plays a crucial role in the SKA project, contributing to the design and construction of the mid-frequency antennas and participating in the SKA Regional Science Center [11][12] - The collaboration between SKA and China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) is expected to enhance research capabilities in various fields of astronomy [12] - The SKA project exemplifies the importance of international cooperation in advancing scientific knowledge and addressing complex challenges in data processing and analysis [9][12]

Core Insights - The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is a major international scientific project involving multiple countries, aimed at building the world's largest radio telescope to explore cosmic mysteries [1][5][6] Group 1: Project Overview - SKA is a collaborative effort involving ten countries, including China, which plays a significant role in the project [6][7] - The project features two main sites: one in South Africa and another in Australia, chosen for their low light pollution and optimal conditions for astronomical observations [2][4] - The South African site will consist of thousands of 15-meter diameter dish antennas arranged in a spiral pattern to enhance signal reception [2][4] Group 2: Technical Features - SKA utilizes a technique called radio interferometry, allowing multiple antennas to work together to create a larger effective aperture for observing the universe [2][4] - The project is expected to generate massive amounts of data, approximately 8 terabytes per second, which will be processed by supercomputers and shared with scientists worldwide [4][6] - SKA's design allows for high sensitivity and resolution, enabling the detection of previously undetectable faint signals from the cosmos [5][6] Group 3: Scientific Contributions - The MeerKAT telescope, a precursor to SKA, has already achieved significant scientific milestones, including imaging the center of the Milky Way and discovering a giant galaxy [6][8] - The project aims to enhance understanding of cosmic phenomena, such as the evolution of galaxies and the behavior of dark matter [6][8] - Collaboration between SKA and China's FAST telescope is expected to yield new insights into the universe, leveraging the strengths of both facilities [7][8]

Core Points - The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is the world's largest radio telescope project, involving multiple countries, including China, and aims to explore the mysteries of the universe [1][5][6] - The SKA project has two main sites: one in South Africa and another in Australia, chosen for their low light pollution and optimal conditions for astronomical observations [2][4] - The South African site will consist of thousands of 15-meter diameter dish antennas, with 64 antennas already constructed and an additional 15 designed and built by Chinese teams [2][4][7] Group 1: Project Overview - SKA is a collaborative international scientific project initiated in 1993 by ten countries, transitioning to a government-level organization in 2021 [5][6] - The project aims to achieve high sensitivity, high resolution, and rapid observation capabilities, significantly enhancing humanity's understanding of the universe [6][7] - The MeerKAT telescope, part of the SKA project, has already produced significant observational results, including images of the Milky Way's center and the detection of signals from distant galaxies [6][7] Group 2: Technical Aspects - The SKA's design includes a unique array layout that optimizes signal reception across various frequencies and directions [3][4] - The project generates approximately 8 terabytes of data per second, which is processed by supercomputers and shared with scientists worldwide [4][5] - The dish antennas are designed with high precision, ensuring effective collection of radio waves from space, which is crucial for achieving observational goals [7] Group 3: International Collaboration - China plays a significant role in the SKA project, contributing to the design and construction of antennas and participating in scientific research [6][7] - The collaboration between SKA and China's FAST telescope represents a significant partnership in astronomical research, leveraging the strengths of both facilities [7] - The project emphasizes the importance of global cooperation in data processing and analysis to tackle the challenges posed by the vast amounts of data generated [5][6]

Group 1 - The world's first mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation system (AIMS telescope) has been officially launched, filling a gap in international solar magnetic field observation [1][3][5] - The AIMS telescope's core components have been fully domestically produced, enhancing China's independent innovation capabilities in astronomical instruments [3] - The successful launch of the AIMS telescope marks the transition from construction to scientific output, providing crucial data for solar physics and space weather forecasting [5] Group 2 - The "Chinese Sky Eye" (FAST) has detected a new type of millisecond radio burst originating from the magnetic field of stellar sunspot regions, filling a knowledge gap in the understanding of small-scale magnetic fields outside the solar system [5][6] - The successful installation of the first steel beam for the Shituo Yangtze River Bridge marks a significant milestone in the construction of the Yuwang High-Speed Railway, which will greatly reduce travel time between Chongqing and Wanzhou to under one hour [6][8] Group 3 - The successful damming of the Changbo Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River represents a key breakthrough in the construction of China's largest pressure chamber hydropower project, expected to produce over 4.3 billion kilowatt-hours of clean energy annually upon completion [8][9]

Core Insights - The research conducted by the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory and other institutions using the FAST telescope has revealed complex filamentary structures in the G165 high-velocity interstellar gas cloud, providing new insights into the early evolutionary mechanisms of interstellar media [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The G165 cloud, composed mainly of hydrogen atoms, is located approximately 50,000 light-years from Earth and is moving at a speed of about 300 kilometers per second [1] - G165 is characterized by a significant presence of warm neutral medium and exhibits notable supersonic turbulent motion, with local velocity fluctuations exceeding 20 kilometers per second [2] - The study indicates that G165's composition is almost entirely made up of warm neutral gas, contrasting with typical high-velocity clouds that show a mix of cold and warm gas, suggesting that G165 represents an earlier stage in the evolution of interstellar clouds [2] Group 2: Structural Observations - Observations using the 21-centimeter line of neutral hydrogen from FAST have revealed highly structured features within G165, filled with complex interwoven filamentary structures distributed across multiple velocity layers [2] - These filamentary structures exhibit a twisted morphology in three-dimensional space, with a significantly asymmetric radial density profile, indicating the presence of shock compression processes and strong turbulence within the system [2]

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences and domestic and international research institutions have successfully observed a complex filamentary structure network in a high-velocity interstellar gas cloud using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) [1] - This discovery provides a new perspective on the early evolutionary mechanisms of the interstellar medium's structure formation [1] - The research results were published online in the international academic journal Nature Astronomy on July 16, 2025 [1] - The findings offer new clues regarding the material sources and evolutionary pathways of star formation regions [1] - The research team plans to continue systematic observations of more high-velocity clouds using the FAST telescope to further explore universal physical laws governing interstellar structure formation [1]