转自：新华财经 新华财经北京10月11日电（记者孙晶）数据，是天文学家与宇宙对话的桥梁。不论是深空探测带回的高分辨率影像，还是地面观测中捕捉的数千万颗星体光 谱，传统手段已无法应对浩瀚数据和庞杂需求。AI成为了处理巨量数据的利器，更被视作未来科研范式的革命引擎。 从海德堡马普天文研究所早期使用神经网络进行光谱分类，到今天AI大模型在天文研究中被寄予厚望，人工智能与天文学的融合，正从零星试探汇聚成洪 流。 然而，技术的飞跃也带来了哲学之问：AI的边界何在？它能否取代人类成为宇宙探索的主角？未来天文学家的角色是什么？通过对中国科学院国家天文 台、上海天文台、高能物理研究所和清华大学、北京大学、上海交通大学、之江实验室等十余家顶尖科研机构权威专家的深度访谈，我们试图勾勒出AI与 天文学融合的全景图，并深入剖析其背后的产业逻辑与人才命题。 2024年1月12日，全景镜头下的冰岛最北端的罕见极光，戴建峰摄 一、AI在天文科研发现中的"能与不能"？ 上海交通大学李政道研究所海铃计划首席科学家徐东莲基于南海中微子望远镜的水下实验总结，在大型深海多节点的精密设备上，AI的价值一方面能处理 复杂的深海信号，另外还可以监控预警探 ...

▲ 陈仙辉 中国科学院院士 ▲ 韩占文 中国科学院院士 科学与中国 干宫院士干场科普 "科学与中国"青海省 "千名院士·千场科普"行动 2025年9月 | 中国·青海 活动嘉宾 9月17日，"科学与中国"青海行——"千名院士·千场科普"行动将在青海省西宁市启动。 作为一次大型科普活动，本次活动将邀请崔向群、陈仙辉、景益鹏、韩占文、林海青、黄建平、史 生才等7位天文科学和相关技术领域院士及十多名资深科学家团队，深入青海省西宁市、海西州德令哈 市等地区，聚焦天文学前沿进展、我国重大成果、弘扬科学家精神等主题，走进机关、学校和企事业单 位开展科普讲座、科技咨询等一系列活动，普及天文知识，提升公众科学素养，为青海地区的科技创新 营造良好的社会氛围，增进公众对青海省天文发展战略重大意义的深入理解，激发青海地区公众尤其是 青少年对天文科技领域的兴趣和热情，为当地经济和社会发展注入新的动力。 本次活动由中国科学院学部科学普及与教育工作委员会主办，中国科学院紫金山天文台、中国天文 学会、青海省科学技术协会、中共海西州委、海西州政府联合承办。 图为活动海报。受访单位供图 ▲ 景益鹏 中国科学院院士 ...

Group 1 - The article commemorates the life and contributions of Nan Rendong, known as the father of the "Chinese Sky Eye" [1][27] - It highlights his early years at Tsinghua University, where he excelled academically and was a respected class leader [3][7] - Nan Rendong's passion for exploration and knowledge is emphasized, showcasing his dedication to learning and his diverse talents in arts and sports [10][11][16] Group 2 - The article details Nan Rendong's professional journey, including his significant role in developing China's first semiconductor radio and television transmitter [20] - It describes the ambitious project of building the world's largest radio telescope, the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), which took 22 years to complete [22][29] - The article notes that FAST made its first significant discovery shortly after Nan Rendong's passing, capturing signals from pulsars, marking a milestone in astronomical research [29][31] Group 3 - The legacy of Nan Rendong is further immortalized with the naming of an asteroid after him and the inclusion of his story in educational materials [31][34] - The article concludes with a reflection on his enduring impact on science and the continued exploration of the universe through the FAST telescope [33][34]

Core Insights - The Cardiff University team utilized the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to observe the complex cosmic dust structure of the Butterfly Nebula (NGC 6302), providing significant insights into the origins of Earth and other rocky planets [1][2] Group 1: Observational Findings - The Butterfly Nebula is located in Scorpius, approximately 3,400 light-years from Earth, and is classified as a "bipolar nebula" with two gas lobes resembling butterfly wings [1] - A dense ring of dust obscures the central star of the nebula, which is an ancient core of a sun-like star, providing energy that causes the nebula to glow [1] - The central star has a temperature of 220,000 Kelvin, making it one of the hottest known central stars of planetary nebulae in the Milky Way [1] Group 2: Dust Composition and Formation - The dense ring of dust is composed of crystalline silicates (such as quartz) and irregularly shaped dust particles, which are approximately one-millionth of a meter in size, indicating a long growth process [1] - The study revealed the presence of both cold crystalline materials formed in relatively calm environments and amorphous dust formed in more turbulent conditions, providing crucial evidence for understanding how basic planetary materials aggregate [1] Group 3: Implications for Life Origin Research - The observations also identified carbon-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which may be related to the chemical components of life, thus opening new avenues for research into the origins of planets and life [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the mythological story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, highlighting their annual meeting on the Qixi Festival, while explaining the astronomical reality that the stars representing them, Altair and Vega, are moving further apart in the universe [1][3]. Group 1: Astronomical Context - The stars representing the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are Altair (He Gu Er) and Vega (Zhi Nu Yi), located in the constellations Aquila and Lyra respectively [5][6]. - Altair is situated on the "eastern bank" of the Milky Way, while Vega is on the "western bank," currently about 16 light-years apart, with a distance increase of approximately 28.7 kilometers per second [8][10]. - The distance between the two stars is increasing at a rate of about one-seventeenth of their original distance each year, which is not observable to the naked eye [12]. Group 2: Future Astronomical Changes - Due to axial precession, Vega may regain its status as the North Star in over 10,000 years, as the Earth's axis will eventually point towards it again [12]. - If Vega becomes the North Star, it will occupy a relatively fixed position in the sky, making it easier to observe throughout the year, unlike its current seasonal visibility [12].

Core Findings - The research team led by Xu Yigang from the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry has accurately determined that the Apollo Basin on the Moon formed 4.16 billion years ago, providing key evidence for the Late Heavy Bombardment in the solar system [1][2] - This new finding advances the timeline for the onset of the Late Heavy Bombardment by at least 100 million years, challenging the previous hypothesis of a catastrophic increase in impact flux during 4 to 3.8 billion years ago [2] Research Methodology - The team analyzed 3.5 grams of lunar soil, discovering three rock fragments with diameters between 150 and 350 micrometers, which are ideal "rock clocks" that record impact events [1] - The age of the rock fragments was confirmed through a combination of remote sensing images and geochemical data, leading to the conclusion that the impact flux during the Late Heavy Bombardment was gradually decreasing rather than experiencing a sudden increase [2]

Core Viewpoint - Researchers from the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory have made a groundbreaking discovery in gravitational wave astronomy, suggesting that binary black hole mergers may occur near a third compact object, indicating a more complex cosmic environment than previously thought [2]. Group 1 - The research team, led by researcher Han Wenbiao, has provided strong evidence for the existence of a third compact object in the vicinity of the gravitational wave event GW190814 [2]. - This discovery challenges the notion of binary black holes being isolated systems, suggesting they may be part of a larger cosmic structure [2].

Core Viewpoint - China's astronomy is transitioning from "catching up" to "keeping pace" and even "leading" in the field of astronomical observation, as evidenced by the successful operation of major scientific instruments like the FAST and LAMOST telescopes, and participation in international scientific projects like SKA and GOTTA [1] Group 1: Current Developments in Astronomy - The FAST telescope has achieved world-leading status in low-frequency radio astronomy, while space telescopes like Tianwen, Wukong, and Weiyan form a detection matrix in high-energy astrophysics [1] - The upcoming China Space Station Engineering Survey Telescope (CSST) is expected to generate unprecedented amounts of data, discovering thousands of gravitational lens systems crucial for dark matter and dark energy research [2] Group 2: Public Engagement and Education - The CSST's data will serve as a significant scientific resource and a vehicle for public science education, encouraging societal participation in cosmic research and enhancing scientific literacy [2] - The National Astronomical Data Center has established a leading advantage in public astronomy science, utilizing AI models to create intelligent astronomy learning communities that allow public participation in scientific exploration [2] Group 3: Citizen Science Initiatives - The public's involvement in astronomy has accelerated data mining and made scientific exploration a shared endeavor, exemplified by projects like the China-VO supernova search, which has engaged thousands of participants [3] - Experts emphasize the importance of a robust reward mechanism to sustain public contributions to scientific research, advocating for a system that transforms contributions into growth resources [3][4] Group 4: Technological Advancements - The rise of big data, artificial intelligence, and global observation networks is profoundly changing the research methods in astronomy, injecting unprecedented vitality into the field through public science initiatives [4]

Core Insights - The largest black hole merger event ever recorded has been detected, resulting in a black hole approximately 225 times the mass of the Sun, located 10 billion light-years away [1][3]. Group 1: Event Details - The merger was captured by the LIGO observatories on November 23, 2023, with two detectors in Washington and Louisiana detecting gravitational waves [1]. - The two merging black holes had masses of 103 solar masses and 137 solar masses, respectively [1][3]. - The event has been designated as GW231123, marking it as the most significant black hole merger observed to date [1]. Group 2: Scientific Implications - The merging black holes are believed to be products of previous mergers, as their masses exceed what can be formed from the collapse of aging stars [3][4]. - The event pushes the limits of current observational instruments and data analysis capabilities, indicating the potential for further discoveries in gravitational wave astronomy [4]. Group 3: Future Research - Researchers acknowledge that fully analyzing the GW231123 signal and other detected signals will require time, with some complexities potentially taking years to resolve [5]. - The research team is working on improving analysis methods and theoretical models to better understand these phenomena [5].

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Cosmic Archaeology: Time and Space Exploration" merges science and art to provide a new way for the public to understand the universe, showcasing interactive models and visualizations based on real astronomical data [1][3]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition is organized by the National Museum of China, the Swiss Embassy in China, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, with collaboration from Tsinghua University's Department of Astronomy and Academy of Arts [3]. - It opened on July 2 and was officially opened to the public on July 3 at the National Museum of China [3]. Group 2: Interactive Installations - The exhibit "Dynamic Universe" utilizes a custom graphics rendering engine to transform vast astronomical data into interactive 3D models, allowing visitors to explore the universe across 27 orders of magnitude [4]. - "Cosmic Collision" is an interactive astrophysical visualization system that uses approximately 500 deep-space images from NASA telescopes to visualize phenomena like spiral nebula structures and galaxy collisions [4]. - The "Time-Space Elasticity" project visualizes gravitational lensing effects, providing a real-time simulation engine based on actual astronomical observation data [4]. Group 3: Themes and Reflections - The exhibition aims to make the invisible visible, transforming abstract cosmic data into understandable images and representations [5]. - It raises awareness about the sustainability of space exploration, highlighting the increasing amount of space debris from satellites and spacecraft [5]. - An interactive data visualization device presents the dynamic visualization of thousands of satellites and space debris, prompting a reconsideration of how to explore and manage space resources [5]. Group 4: Educational Aspects - The exhibition features works designed by students from Tsinghua University's Academy of Arts for future planetary journeys, emphasizing the integration of scientific thinking and experimental design [6]. - The curators believe that art serves as an effective medium to narrate scientific stories, making complex scientific data more accessible and relatable to the general public [6].