来源：科技日报 科技日报记者 梁乐 对此，新疆天文台光学天文与技术应用研究室科研团队，运用人工智能成功研发出一款新模型，实 现"让机器理解天空状态"。 该研究提出互补的双通道特征提取结构，一个通道用于捕获全局语义信息，另一个通道用于捕获局部亮 度纹理特征，从而实现对云况的综合判别。 测试结果表明，该模型在云图自动分类任务中表现出较高的一致性和稳定性，与人工判读结果的一致率 接近92.7%，能够有效识别多种典型云况，显示出良好的实际应用潜力。 据了解，全天相机云图实现自动分类，对于降低人工判读工作量、提升台址监测效率具有重要意义。随 着天文观测向智能化和精细化方向发展，这一研究有望在天文台址评估和观测运行支持中发挥更加重要 的作用。 记者近日从中国科学院新疆天文台获悉，围绕慕士塔格观测站全天空相机云图自动分类问题，该天文台 科研人员成功研发设计了一种云图自动分类模型（ASCNet），为天空状态的快速、客观判别提供了新 的技术手段。相关成果近期发表于天文期刊《天文和天体物理学研究》。 据悉，晴朗、稳定的天空，是天文观测最基本、最宝贵的资源之一。对于光学天文望远镜的建设和运行 而言，天空中云层的分布情况直接影响可观 ...

1 月 29 日， AIMS 望远镜观测员王城森（右）与同事冯宇飞在工作中交流。新华社记者 陈杰 摄 临近正午，在青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州茫崖市冷湖镇的赛什腾山上，一处望远镜圆顶跟随太阳 缓缓转动。不同于在夜间观测的传统天文望远镜，它需要在白天跟踪太阳，通过中红外波段的光谱测量 太阳磁场。 AIMS望远镜项目团队成员包星明介绍，太阳磁场是太阳黑子形成的主要物理机制，强烈的太阳磁 场变化会引发太阳耀斑、日珥喷发等爆发活动，影响日地空间的飞行器及通信安全；精确测量太阳磁 场，有助于理解太阳乃至恒星形成及演化的物理机制，更好地预警空间天气、保障空间系统安全。 目前，已有30多台望远镜项目在冷湖投入观测或试观测。实现高质量的天文观测，不仅需要科学家 的坚守，也离不开地方部门的背后保障。 "天文观测对光污染极其敏感，我们的责任就是守护好这片星空。"冷湖科技创新产业园区管委会工 作人员曹春林说，2023年，《海西蒙古族藏族自治州冷湖天文观测环境保护条例》正式实施，这是我国 首部关于暗夜星空保护的地方性法规。 这是位于赛什腾山的青海冷湖天文观测研究基地（ 2025 年 7 月 20 日摄，无人机照片）。新华社记者 陈杰 ...

图为天文AI模型星衍概念图。（受访者供图） 清华大学自动化系戴琼海教授、天文系蔡峥副教授、自动化系吴嘉敏副教授等带领团队，自研出星衍模 型，可解码空间望远镜的海量数据，并兼容多元探测设备，有望成为通用深空数据增强平台。 探索遥远暗弱的天体与结构，是破解宇宙起源演化、物质能量循环等科学谜题的关键。我国科学家基于 计算光学原理与人工智能算法，开发出天文AI模型"星衍"，可解锁暗弱天体信号，探测到超过130亿光 年的星系，并获取目前国际已知探测最深的深空影像。该成果2月20日凌晨在线发表于《科学》。 暗弱天体蕴藏着理解宇宙起源与演化的关键信息。然而，天光背景噪声与望远镜的热辐射噪声叠加，会 对暗弱天体信号形成干扰，这成为探秘宇宙的一大挑战。 吴嘉敏介绍，星衍的"自监督时空降噪"技术专注于对暗弱信号的提取重建，通过对噪声涨落与星体光度 的联合建模，并直接用海量观测数据训练，在增加探测深度的同时，确保了探测准确性。 《科学》审稿人评价，该研究为探测宇宙提供了"强大工具"，"将对天文领域产生重要影响"。 戴琼海表示，依托星衍，天文观测中受噪声干扰的暗弱天体得以高保真重现。该技术未来有望应用于更 多新一代望远镜，为解码暗能 ...

春节前夕，记者来到中国科学院国家天文台兴隆观测站，走近这群将目光投向银河深处的"追星人"，讲 述科学发现背后不为人知的努力与坚守。 策划：李 遥 （来源：河北新闻网） 转自：河北新闻网 在承德市兴隆县境内的燕山深处，山巅之上藏着一双凝望星空的"眼睛"——郭守敬望远镜。 郭守敬望远镜是我国首个天文领域大科学装置，在银河系结构与演化、恒星物理研究等领域取得了一系 列成果。从2012年9月正式巡天，到2025年10月底，郭守敬望远镜已累计发布光谱2807万条、恒星参数 1159万组，数据量稳居世界第一。而这背后，离不开观测团队日复一日的精准观测与精心维护。 记者：张 昊 编导：王永帅 摄像：许佳奇、李东宇 后期：王永帅 统筹：郝彦鹏 ...

Core Insights - The research team led by the Purple Mountain Observatory has captured the detailed evolution of the Faraday rotation measure (RM) of a repeating fast radio burst (FRB), providing key observational evidence for the hypothesis that FRBs originate from binary star systems [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The team monitored the repeating fast radio burst FRB 20220529 for over two years, concluding that it likely originates from a binary star system [2] - The observed Faraday rotation measure increased by 20 times and then rapidly decreased, indicating the passage of a dense magnetized plasma cloud, which aligns with the intense activity expected in a binary star system [2] Group 2: Technological Advancements - The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) is the world's largest single-dish radio telescope, contributing to various fields such as gravitational wave detection and pulsar searches since its operation began [2] - FAST is set to undergo upgrades, including the construction of several medium-sized antennas to form a giant aperture array, enhancing spatial resolution and observational sensitivity [2][3] - Upon completion of the upgrades, FAST will serve as a more powerful "cosmic super probe," aiding scientists in understanding fundamental astrophysical mysteries [3]

Core Insights - A research team led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Purple Mountain Observatory has made a significant breakthrough by capturing the detailed evolution of the Faraday rotation measure (RM) of a repeating fast radio burst (FRB) for the first time internationally, providing key observational evidence for the hypothesis that fast radio bursts originate from binary star systems [2][3][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - The team monitored the repeating fast radio burst FRB20220529 for 2.2 years using China's 500-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), which has ultra-high sensitivity [3][6]. - The Faraday rotation measure of FRB20220529 fluctuated between -300 to +300 rad/m² with a median of 17 rad/m² during regular monitoring, but in December 2023, it surged to 1977±84 rad/m², approximately 20 times the previous levels, before rapidly declining back to normal [4][5]. - This rapid and reversible change in the magnetic environment is unprecedented in the history of fast radio burst research, indicating a dense magnetized plasma cloud passing between the Earth and the burst source [4][5]. Group 2: Implications for Astrophysics - The observed rapid change in the Faraday rotation measure cannot be explained by existing theories if FRB20220529 originated from an isolated neutron star; however, it can be reasonably explained if it is part of a binary star system, where the companion star's activity could cause such fluctuations [5]. - This discovery provides strong observational support for the binary star origin model of fast radio bursts, which has been a significant mystery in astrophysics [5]. Group 3: Technological Advancements - The breakthrough highlights the unmatched sensitivity of FAST, which can detect extremely weak radio signals, and the innovative data processing methods employed by the research team to extract key polarization information from vast observational data [6]. - The collaboration involved multiple institutions, including the University of Science and Technology of China and the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, showcasing the strength of China's scientific infrastructure [6]. Group 4: Future Developments - To maintain its leading position in the field of low-frequency radio astronomy, FAST is advancing upgrade plans, which include constructing dozens of medium-sized antennas around the telescope to form a giant array [8]. - This upgrade aims to overcome the spatial resolution limitations of single-dish telescopes and enhance observational sensitivity, positioning FAST as a more powerful "cosmic super probe" for understanding fast radio bursts and other astrophysical mysteries [8].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a lunar standard time is becoming increasingly important as lunar exploration gains global attention, with China's Zijinshan Observatory recently launching the world's first lunar timing software for precise time conversion between the Moon and Earth [1][3]. Group 1: Lunar Timing Software Development - The Zijinshan Observatory has developed a model that accounts for the Moon's weaker gravity and its motion in space, allowing for accurate synchronization of lunar events with Earth clocks [1][3]. - The lunar timing software, named LTE440, was officially released last month, addressing the critical need for precise timekeeping in space missions [1][3]. Group 2: Technical Challenges and Solutions - A key aspect of defining lunar standard time involves establishing the relationship between lunar coordinate time and solar system barycentric dynamical time, which is influenced by the complex multi-body motion of the Moon and the dynamic gravitational field from other celestial bodies [3][4]. - The research team utilized the highest precision orbital information available for solar system bodies to achieve accurate conversion, with cumulative errors not exceeding 1/20,000,000 seconds even after 1,000 years [3][4]. Group 3: Implications for Space Missions - Microsecond-level errors in navigation systems can significantly impact mission outcomes, particularly for precise landing positions on the Moon, necessitating reliable lunar timing solutions [4][5]. - The increasing focus on lunar exploration means that temporary solutions for time discrepancies will become inadequate as more spacecraft and crewed missions are planned for the Moon [5]. Group 4: Political and Historical Context - Establishing a lunar time standard is not only crucial for coordinating lunar missions but also serves as a symbol of political influence, similar to how the UK established the Greenwich Meridian in 1884 to reflect its dominance in global navigation and trade [5].

Core Insights - The China Space Station Telescope (CSST) has made significant progress in scientific data simulation research, with results published in a special issue of the international academic journal Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA) [2][5] - CSST is a next-generation flagship space astronomical observation facility, characterized by a large field of view, high image quality, and a wide range of wavelengths, which is crucial for achieving its scientific goals [3] Group 1: Scientific Research and Development - The CSST scientific simulation research team has developed an end-to-end observation simulation suite to ensure the timeliness and reliability of CSST's scientific output [4][6] - This simulation software models all observation terminals of the telescope, including the main optical system and various instruments, to achieve high-quality pixel-level simulation of future observational data [4] Group 2: Technological and Scientific Impact - The simulation data will be used for comprehensive performance evaluation of the space telescope and provide personalized test data for the data processing pipeline, ensuring quantitative assessment of CSST's scientific effectiveness [6] - The end-to-end simulation system is expected to play a crucial role in the scientific preparation phase of CSST, laying a solid foundation for data processing research and scientific analysis [7]

Group 1: Renewable Energy Breakthrough - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy growth is unstoppable, with renewable energy surpassing traditional energy sources in 2025, primarily led by China [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation exceeded coal for the first time, with solar and wind energy growth covering the new electricity demand in the first half of the year [1] - China produces approximately 80% of the world's solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries, maintaining a significant cost advantage [1] Group 2: Other Scientific Breakthroughs - The other nine scientific breakthroughs include advancements in gene editing for rare diseases, new drugs for gonorrhea, and significant findings in cancer cell behavior [2] - Notable achievements also include the construction of a telescope in Chile aimed at advancing new astronomy, research on the Denisovans, and breakthroughs in heat-resistant rice [2] Group 3: Future Scientific Events - The article anticipates major breakthroughs in AI-driven scientific research in 2026, with the potential for significant scientific advancements achieved with minimal human intervention [3] - In the biomedical field, two clinical trials for personalized gene therapies for rare genetic diseases are expected to start, along with a cancer detection trial that could identify around 50 types of cancer through a single blood test [3] - Space exploration will be active in 2026, with China's Chang'e 7 mission targeting the lunar south pole and NASA's Artemis 2 mission planned for a crewed lunar flyby [3][4]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy is experiencing unprecedented growth, with China leading this significant transition, as highlighted by the recognition of "Global Renewable Energy Growth" as the top scientific breakthrough of 2025 by *Science* magazine [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation surpassed coal for the first time, with solar and wind energy growth rates sufficient to meet the new electricity demand in the first half of the year [1] - China's strong industrial system is identified as the main driver of this trend, producing approximately 80% of solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries globally, while also maintaining a cost advantage [1] Group 2 - The article mentions that China's thriving green technology exports are transforming other regions, including Europe and countries in the Global South [1] - Other scientific breakthroughs recognized by *Science* magazine include advancements in gene editing for rare diseases, new treatments for gonorrhea, and significant progress in xenotransplantation [2] - Research on the Denisovans and heat-resistant rice, led by Chinese research teams, is also highlighted among the top breakthroughs [2]