据了解，全国科学技术名词审定委员会是经国务院授权，代表国家审定、公布科技名词的权威性机构， 其下设的全国水利科技名词审定委员会负责水利科技名词的审定与规范工作。全国科学技术名词审定委 员会自2024年起常态化开展学科研究前沿热点词年度征集与发布，旨在充分发挥科技名词工作对学科发 展的引领作用，展现世界与我国科学技术研究最新进展，营造科学普及的良好氛围。 此次发布的水利科学技术前沿热点词，由全国水利科技名词审定委员会在全国科学技术名词审定委员 会、水利部国科司指导下组织征集推荐，经多轮专家论证审议后确定。 "国家水网"是指以自然河湖为基础、引调排水工程为通道、调蓄工程为节点、智慧调控为手段，集水资 源优化配置、流域防洪减灾、水生态系统保护等功能于一体的综合性水利工程体系。"智能大坝"是新一 代信息技术与传统大坝工程深度融合的产物，其核心在于通过物联网、大数据、人工智能、数字孪生等 技术，实现大坝工程全生命周期的透彻化感知、智能化分析、精准化决策与协同化管理。"数字孪生水 利体系"是以物理水利对象为单元、时空数据为底座、数学模型为核心、水利知识为驱动，对物理水利 全要素和水利治理管理活动全过程进行数字映射、智能模 ...

Core Insights - The National Water Resources Technology Terminology Committee has identified five key research hotspots in water resources technology for 2025, including "National Water Network," "Smart Dams," "Digital Twin Water Resources System," "Drought-Flood Rapid Transition," and "Happy Rivers and Lakes" [1][2] Group 1: Research Hotspots - "National Water Network" refers to a comprehensive system that integrates water resource optimization, flood disaster reduction, and ecosystem protection, based on natural rivers and lakes [1] - "Smart Dams" are the result of integrating new information technologies with traditional dam engineering, focusing on IoT, big data, AI, and digital twin technologies for enhanced management throughout the dam's lifecycle [1] - "Digital Twin Water Resources System" involves digital mapping and intelligent simulation of physical water resources, utilizing spatial data and mathematical models for real-time interaction and optimization [2] Group 2: Extreme Weather Events - "Drought-Flood Rapid Transition" describes the extreme event where a region experiences worsening drought conditions followed by sudden heavy rainfall, necessitating immediate flood prevention and disaster response [2] Group 3: Ecological and Community Well-being - "Happy Rivers and Lakes" emphasizes maintaining the ecological stability of river and lake systems while ensuring community safety and promoting high-quality development, leading to a harmonious relationship between people and water [2] Group 4: Institutional Framework - The National Science and Technology Terminology Committee, authorized by the State Council, is responsible for the authoritative approval and publication of scientific terminology, with the National Water Resources Technology Terminology Committee focusing specifically on water resources terminology [2]

Core Viewpoint - The future trend and development direction of the water conservancy sector are digitalization, networking, and intelligence, with a focus on building a digital twin water conservancy system to enhance flood prevention, water resource management, and operational efficiency [1][2] Group 1: Digital Twin Water Conservancy System - The Ministry of Water Resources is advancing the construction of a digital twin water conservancy system, which includes digital twin basins, water networks, and engineering projects, significantly enhancing the "four-pre" functions of forecasting, warning, simulation, and planning [1] - Key areas of focus in the digital twin water conservancy system include monitoring perception, mathematical model construction, and business applications [1] Group 2: Monitoring and Perception - Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," there has been a rapid development of an integrated monitoring perception system that combines aerial, terrestrial, and water engineering monitoring, improving the ability to perceive water conservancy physical objects [1] - This system provides dynamic real-time information support for monitoring and controlling safety risks in water conservancy projects and the operation of the digital twin water conservancy system [1] Group 3: Mathematical Models - The construction of a high-fidelity digital flow field simulation mathematical model system is underway, enabling forward-reverse-forward application for decision support in flood and drought disaster prevention and unified scheduling of watershed engineering [1] Group 4: Business Applications - The digital twin platform construction is being advanced based on actual needs and utility orientation, covering various business applications at all levels [2] - The flood forecasting period for major rivers has been extended from 3 days to 10 days, providing strong support for flood resistance in significant events, such as the largest flood in the Beijiang River since 1915 [2] - Monitoring and early warning for ecological flow control at 268 key river and lake sections across the country have been achieved, ensuring safety in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project [2]

全国大江大河洪水预见期从3天延长到10天。 9月29日，国务院新闻办举行高质量完成"十四五"规划系列主题新闻发布会，介绍"十四五"时期水利高质量发展成就。 水利部规划计划司司长张祥伟在发布会上回答第一财经记者提问时表示，数字化、网络化、智能化是未来趋势，也是发展方向。"十四五"以来， 水利部门系统谋划推进数字孪生水利体系建设，也就是数字孪生流域、数字孪生水网、数字孪生水利工程，有效赋能流域防洪、水资源管理与调 配等业务应用，强化了预报预警预演预案"四预"功能，成为推动水利行业新质生产力发展的显著标志。 张祥伟介绍，在推进数字孪生水利体系建设中，重点抓监测感知、数学模型建设和业务应用。在监测感知方面。"十四五"以来，加快构建"天空地 水工"一体化监测感知系统，大力提升对水利物理对象的透彻感知能力，为水利工程安全风险监测防控和数字孪生水利体系构建和运行提供动态实 时信息支持。 在数学模型方面，立足数字孪生水利体系精准映射、虚实交互、实现"四预"功能。加快构建"高保真"数字流场模拟数学模型系统，实现业务"正向 —逆向—正向"推演应用，为水旱灾害防御和流域水工程统一联合调度提供决策支持。 在业务应用方面，坚持从实际需 ...

如果说数字孪生是水利工程的"智慧大脑"，感知网络便是连接物理世界与数字空间的"神经末梢"。"以 前山洪预警要等30分钟，现在15分钟就能精准推送，为群众转移抢出宝贵时间。"浙江省水文管理中心 副主任童增来介绍，提升预警时效，核心在于加快数据采集传输速度。这些年，浙江对69个山洪灾害防 治县的1.15万个重点村落逐一摸排，升级改造水文测站遥测终端，基本实现"镇镇有水位、村村有雨 量"。 建设数字孪生水利体系是实现"推动水利高质量发展、保障我国水安全"的必由之路。目前，我国已基本 形成涵盖31颗遥感卫星、100多部测雨雷达、4800多架无人机、13.3万处地面水文报汛站、30多万处工 程安全监测点的"天空地水工"一体化监测感知系统。 "今年'七下八上'防汛关键期，我们充分发挥'天空地水工'一体化监测感知体系作用，建成了覆盖72类 2600万水利对象的数字孪生平台数据底板，生成10米格网精度的全国数字流域水系，多维度掌握河道、 水库、蓄滞洪区等流域下垫面、淹没面积、工程险情等动态变化数据，为水旱灾害防御决策提供了有力 数据支撑。"水利部信息中心主任付静说。 "水利一号"遥感卫星实施洪涝全局监测；无人机巡河，实时传回 ...